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. 2023 Apr 4:1–41. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s10311-023-01593-3

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Life cycle of microplastics in the environment. The discharge resulting from diverse activities flows into aquatic systems, introducing microplastics into the food chain and their subsequent bioaccumulation in the tissues of aquatic organisms. This accumulation can result in significant adverse effects on the aquatic ecosystem, and these effects can be directly transmitted to humans and birds