Table 6.
Details of some common tumor suppressor proteins used in target therapy for the treatment of meningioma
| Drug name | Drug composition/molecular formula administration | Mechanism of action | Type of study | References | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tumor suppressor protein inhibitors | ||||||||
| AR42 | Protein, orally given | Histone deacetylase inhibitor | AR42, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, is a potential therapy for vestibular schwannomas and meningiomas; phase I | [124] | ||||
| Protein 4.1B | Protein, orally given | Growth suppressor | Protein 4.1B is differentially expressed in adenocarcinoma of the lung and functions as a growth suppressor in meningioma cells by activating rac1-dependent c-Jun-NH2-kinase signaling | [125] | ||||
| NF2, MN1, ARID1B, SEMA4D, MUC5 | Proteins | The NF2 gene provides instructions for the production of a protein called merlin, also known as schwannoma; this protein is made in the nervous system, particularly in specialized cells called Schwann cells that wrap around and insulate nerves, MN1 function is unclear, The ARID1B gene provides instructions for making a protein that forms one piece (subunit) of several different SWI/SNF protein complexes; SWI/SNF complexes regulate gene activity (expression) via a process known as chromatin remodelling, Semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D) is an axon guidance molecule that is secreted by oligodendrocytes and induces growth cone collapse in the central nervous system; by binding plexin B1 receptor, it functions as an R-Ras GTPase-activating protein (GAP) and repels axon growth cones in the mature central nervous system, Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) is a protein with unknown function that is encoded by the MUC5AC gene in humans; Muc5AC is a large gel-forming glycoprotein; in the respiratory tract, it protects against infection by binding to inhaled pathogens that are subsequently removed by mucociliary clearance | Exome sequencing on malignant meningiomas identified mutations in neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) and meningioma 1 (MN1) genes | [126, 127] | ||||
| Periostin and Ki-67 | Protein | Periostin has essential roles in wound healing, ECM deposition, mesenchymal cell proliferation, and tissue fibrosis, During mitosis, Ki-67 is essential for the formation of the perichromosomal layer (PCL), a ribonucleoprotein sheath coating the condensed chromosomes; in this structure, Ki-67 acts to prevent the aggregation of mitotic chromosomes | Periostin is a novel prognostic predictor for meningiomas, Ki-67/MIB-1 has a prognostic role in meningioma | [128, 129] | ||||