Table 1.
Fractionalization index, by sex and region (1990 and 2019)
| 1990 | 2019 | dif | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Females | |||
| SEO | 0.795 (0.771 to 0.820) | 0.732 (0.695 to 0.771) | -0.063a |
| CEC | 0.551 (0.518 to 0.587) | 0.563 (0.517 to 0.614) | 0.012 |
| HI | 0.712 (0.687 to 0.739) | 0.791 (0.776 to 0.807) | 0.079a |
| LAC | 0.801 (0.782 to 0.820) | 0.827 (0.812 to 0.842) | 0.026 |
| MENA | 0.712 (0.662 to 0.766) | 0.685 (0.640 to 0.732) | -0.027 |
| SA | 0.872 (0.871 to 0.872) | 0.849 (0.832 to 0.866) | -0.023a |
| SSA | 0.888 (0.875 to 0.901) | 0.867 (0.844 to 0.890) | -0.021 |
| Males | |||
| SEO | 0.819 (0.800 to 0.838) | 0.757 (0.734 to 0.780) | -0.062a |
| CEC | 0.702 (0.689 to 0.715) | 0.682 (0.655 to 0.708) | -0.020 |
| HI | 0.748 (0.735 to 0.761) | 0.796 (0.781 to 0.811) | 0.048a |
| LAC | 0.840 (0.829 to 0.852) | 0.848 (0.835 to 0.860) | 0.007 |
| MENA | 0.756 (0.715 to 0.798) | 0.729 (0.694 to 0.767) | -0.026 |
| SA | 0.875 (0.866 to 0.884) | 0.839 (0.819 to 0.860) | -0.036a |
| SSA | 0.897 (0.886 to 0.908) | 0.892 (0.877 to 0.907) | -0.005 |
Source: Global Burden of Disease (GBD/IHME). Notes: 95% uncertainty interval in parenthesis
CEC Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia, HI High-income, LAC Latin America and the Caribbean, MENA North Africa and Middle East, SA South Asia, SEO Southeast Asia, East Asia, and Oceania and SSA Sub-Saharan Africa
aThe difference in the fractionalization index between 1990 and 2019 is statistically significant at a 5% uncertainty level