. 2023 Apr 5;23:650. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-15502-4

Table 3.

Decomposition of the fractionalization index variation, by region – Males (1990 to 2019)

	SEO	CEC	HI	LAC	MENA	SA	SSA
Non-communicable diseases
Cardiovascular diseases	-0.068^a	-0.021^a	0.071^a	0.024^a	-0.019^a	-0.049^a	-0.020^a
Neoplasms	-0.018^a	-0.001^a	-0.016^a	-0.010^a	-0.008^a	-0.005^a	-0.006^a
Diabetes and kidney diseases	-0.001^a	0.000	-0.002^a	-0.008^a	-0.002^a	-0.003^a	-0.002^a
Chronic respiratory diseases	0.019^a	0.002^a	-0.001^a	-0.001^a	0.000	-0.005^a	-0.000^a
Mental disorders	-0.000^a	0.000^a	0.000^a	0.000	-0.000^a	0.000	0.000
Neurological disorders	-0.001	-0.001	-0.004	-0.002	-0.001	-0.001	0.000
Substance use disorders	0.000^a	-0.000^a	-0.000^a	0.000^a	-0.000^a	0.000^a	-0.000^a
Digestive diseases	0.001^a	-0.001^a	0.000^a	0.000	0.000	0.001^a	-0.001^a
Musculoskeletal disorders	-0.000^a	-0.000^a	-0.000^a	-0.000^a	-0.000^a	-0.000^a	-0.000^a
Skin and subcutaneous diseases	-0.000^a	-0.000^a	0.000	-0.000^a	-0.000^a	-0.000^a	-0.000^a
Other non-communicable diseases	0.000^a	0.000^a	-0.000^a	-0.000^a	0.000^a	-0.000^a	0.000
Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases
Neglected tropical diseases and malaria	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000^a	0.000	0.000	0.002^a
HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections	-0.000^a	-0.000^a	0.000^a	-0.000^a	0.000	-0.000^a	-0.002^a
Respiratory infections and tuberculosis	0.005^a	0.000^a	-0.001^a	0.002^a	0.001^a	0.014^a	0.015^a
Enteric infections	0.000^a	0.000^a	-0.000^a	0.001^a	0.000^a	0.010^a	0.007^a
Other infectious diseases	0.000^a	0.000^a	0.000^a	0.000^a	0.000^a	0.001^a	0.002^a
Maternal and neonatal disorders	0.000^a	0.000^a	0.000^a	0.000^a	0.001^a	0.001^a	0.000^a
Nutritional deficiencies	0.000^a	0.000^a	-0.000^a	0.000^a	0.000	0.000^a	0.000^a
Injuries
Transport injuries	0.000^a	0.000^a	0.000^a	0.001^a	0.001^a	-0.000^a	-0.000^a
Self-harm and interpersonal violence	0.000^a	0.000^a	0.000^a	0.000^a	-0.000^a	0.000^a	0.001^a
Unintentional injuries	0.000^a	0.001^a	-0.000^a	0.000^a	0.001^a	0.000^a	-0.000^a
Total	-0.062	-0.020	0.048	0.007	-0.026	-0.036	-0.005

Source: Global Burden of Disease (GBD/IHME)

CEC Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia, HI High-income, LAC Latin America and the Caribbean, MENA North Africa and Middle East, SA South Asia, SEO Southeast Asia, East Asia, and Oceania and SSA Sub-Saharan Africa

^aContribution statistically different from zero at 5% uncertainty level