Table 5.
Role of the risk of vascular organ damage (subclinical atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis) on the cumulative effect of total fat mass, lean mass, and systolic blood pressure from 9–24 years on 7-year change in carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and carotid intima-media thickness from ages 17 to 24 years
| N = 3863 | cfPWV progression (17–24 years) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants with <90th percentile cIMT (normal cIMT) | Participants with ≥90th percentile cIMT (atherosclerosis) | |||
| Effect estimate (95% CI) | p-value | Effect estimate (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Cumulative Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) (9–24 years) | ||||
| Low category | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Moderate category | 0.004 (0.0004–0.007) | 0.028 | 0.005 (−0.014–0.023) | 0.608 |
| High category | 0.007 (0.003–0.011) | 0.001 | 0.013 (−0.003–0.028) | 0.102 |
| Cumulative Lean mass (kg) (9–24 years) | ||||
| Low category | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Moderate category | 0.001 (−0.003–0.005) | 0.698 | 0.001 (−0.014–0.016) | 0.903 |
| High category | 0.008 (0.002–0.014) | 0.009 | 0.012 (−0.005–0.029) | 0.152 |
| Cumulative Total fat mass (kg) (9–24 years) | ||||
| Low category | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Moderate category | 0.002 (−0.002–0.006) | 0.229 | 0.002 (−0.009–0.014) | 0.694 |
| High category | 0.003 (−0.002–0.009) | 0.228 | −0.003 (−0.020–0.014) | 0.755 |
| N = 3863 | cIMT progression (17–24 years) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants with < 90th percentile cfPWV (Optimal stiffness) | Participants with ≥ 90th percentile cfPWV (arteriosclerosis) | |||
| Effect estimate (95% CI) | p-value | Effect estimate (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Cumulative Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) (9–24 years) | ||||
| Low category | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Moderate category | 0.001 (−0.002–0.004) | 0.523 | 0.008 (−0.003–0.020) | 0.155 |
| High category | 0.008 (0.005–0.011) | <0.0001 | 0.013 (0.001–0.025) | 0.035 |
| Cumulative Lean mass (kg) (9–24 years) | ||||
| Low category | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Moderate category | 0.005 (0.002–0.008) | <0.0001 | 0.0001 (−0.013–0.013) | 0.987 |
| High category | 0.010 (0.005 – 0.013) | <0.0001 | 0.002 (−0.012–0.017) | 0.738 |
| Cumulative Total fat mass (kg) (9–24 years) | ||||
| Low category | Reference | – | Reference | – |
| Moderate category | −0.001 (−0.004–0.003) | 0.697 | 0.009 (−0.003–0.020) | 0.130 |
| High category | 0.002 (−0.001–0.006) | 0.214 | 0.001 (−0.012–0.013) | 0.895 |
Model was adjusted for age at baseline, sex, time in years from baseline through follow-up, low-density lipoprotein, C-reactive protein, fasting blood glucose, moderate to vigorous physical activity at 24 years, smoking status, and family history of hypertension/diabetes/high cholesterol/vascular disease, in addition to fat mass, systolic blood pressure, and/or lean mass depending on the predictor
A 2-sided P-value < 0.05 (in bold) is considered statistically significant