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. 2023 Apr 4;13:5486. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-32721-2

Table 2.

The means and the standard deviations of the concentration (μg C m−3) of each source. The mean relative contribution (%) of each source to carbonaceous component of PM2.5 is in parentheses.

Fossil fuel C4 plants C3 plants
TRF
 Spring (Mar.–May) 1.5 ± 0.3 (29) 1.2 ± 0.9 (22) 2.5 ± 0.6 (49)
 Summer (Jun.–Aug.) 2.1 ± 0.5 (52) 0.4 ± 0.1 (10) 1.8 ± 1.2 (38)
 Fall (Sep.–Nov.) 1.7 ± 0.3 (44) 0.4 ± 0.1 (12) 1.9 ± 0.6 (44)
 Winter (Dec.–Feb.) 2.7 ± 0.8 (44) 1.2 ± 0.4 (19) 2.3 ± 1.1 (37)
 Total 2.1 ± 0.7 (46) 0.8 ± 0.6 (19) 2.1 ± 1.0 (35)
HUF
 Fall (10/13/2020) 2.4 (44) 0.8 (15) 2.2 (41)
 Winter (02/20/2020) 4.2 (48) 1.6 (18) 2.9 (34)
 Total 3.3 ± 0.9 (46) 1.2 ± 0.4 (17) 2.6 ± 0.3 (38)
CRI
 Fall (10/14–16/2020) 4.9 ± 0.6 (51) 1.7 ± 0.3 (18) 2.9 ± 0.4 (31)
 Winter (02/21–24/2020) 3.6 ± 0.5 (51) 1.5 ± 0.5 (21) 1.9 ± 0.3 (28)
 Total 4.2 ± 0.9 (51) 1.6 ± 0.4 (21) 2.4 ± 0.6 (29)
SNU
 Spring (Mar.–May) 4.4 ± 1.8 (43) 3.0 ± 2.7 (25) 3.3 ± 1.9 (32)
 Summer (Jun.–Aug.) 3.5 ± 1.3 (62) 1.0 ± 0.5 (15) 1.5 ± 0.8 (24)
 Fall (Sep.–Nov.) 2.5 ± 0.5 (56) 0.8 ± 0.4 (20) 1.1 ± 0.2 (24)
 Winter (Dec.–Feb.) 6.1 ± 1.9 (43) 5.3 ± 2.9 (32) 3.5 ± 1.6 (25)
 Total 4.3 ± 0.01 (51) 2.7 ± 0.01 (21) 2.6 ± 0.01 (27)