Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2023 Mar 24;55(3):665–679. doi: 10.1038/s12276-023-00949-7

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2023, corrected publication 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 2 — A Effect of MSC-sEVs on Th1, Th17, and Treg cell differentiation. Naïve CD4+ T cells differentiated into Th1, Th17, and Treg cells in the presence of MSC-sEVs. The expression of transcription factors (T-bet for Th1, RORγt for Th17, and Foxp3 for Treg) was analyzed by FACS. MSC-sEVs significantly reduced the number of RORγt+ T cells but not Foxp3+ and T-bet+ T cells. B Effect of MSC-sEVs on the cytokine secretion by Th17 cells. The levels of IL-17A, IL-4, IFN-γ, and IL-6 secreted from Th17 cells cocultured with MSC-sEVs were measured by the cytometric bead array (CBA) assay. Treatment with sEVs decreased the production of IL-17 but not other cytokines, including IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-6, by Th17 cells. C Analysis of RORγt expression levels after Th17 differentiation in the presence of MSC-sEVs. sEVs-depleted culture serum (EDCS) and sEVs were used to treat differentiated Th17 cells. EDCS failed to reduce the number of RORγt+ T cells, indicating that MSC-sEVs were key players in the suppression of Th17 differentiation. D, E Assessment of the proliferation level of Th1 and Th17 cells treated with MSC-sEVs. Naive CD4+ T cells were labeled with CFSE (5 µM, 5 min) and differentiated into Th1 and Th17 cells under MSC-sEVs treatment conditions. sEVs specifically suppressed the differentiation of Th17 cells, and their mechanisms were independent of cell cycle arrest. A representative image from the three independent assays is shown in the dot plot. The percentages of RORγt- and T-bet-positive cells among the proliferating cells are shown in the plot. The mean of triplicates is displayed as a bar graph, and the error bars indicate SEM. ****p ≤ 0.0001.