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. 2023 Apr 4;14:1638. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-37269-3

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — A Schematic overview of the approach and identified species in the adult cohorts of COVID + and COVID- critically ill patients. B Relative abundance of detected peptides per patient sample (COVID + n = 15, COVID- n = 10, SD). C Principal component analysis (PCA) plot of proteomics data demonstrating clustering and partial separation of plasma samples from COVID + and COVID- adults. D Volcano plot showing relative distribution of identified proteins (One-way ANOVA test, Benjamini-Hochberg correction). E KEGG pathway analysis of differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) highly upregulated (Padj > 0.1 AR > 1.4) in COVID + patients highlights alterations in fluid shear stress response pathways (gold) and previously reported changes in ECM receptor interactions (also gold), (Fishers exact test). F Comparison of DAPs to the human genome atlas showing relative origin of proteins identified highlights perturbations in liver, lung, and immune cell homeostasis. G Heat map of DAPs identified by proteomics analysis that are altered in COVID + adults as compared to COVID- adults. H The abundance of all 3 chains of the hepatic acute phase protein fibrinogen is increased in COVID + compared to COVID- adult patients (COVID + n = 15, COVID- n = 10, two-tailed t-test, SD). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.