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. 2023 Apr 4;14:1638. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-37269-3

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — A Plasma levels of cytokines present in various cohorts indicated. Both COVID + children (n = 4) and children with MIS-C (n = 5) present with a different cytokine profile compared to healthy children (n = 7). COVID + adults (n = 15) have the highest increase in these cytokines followed by severely ill COVID– adults (n = 10) and healthy controls (n = 12), (one-way ANOVA, p-value shown above). B Comparison of cytokines with analytes identified by multiomics studies further demonstrates distinct pathogenesis of COVID-19 in adults as compared to pediatric patients (Supplementary Datasets 7 and 8). C–E Network analysis of the metabolites that correlate with cytokines in COVID + adults (C), COVID + children (D) or children with MIS-C (E). Network plots were generated using a centrality cut-off determined by xmWAS⁹⁷. Information for these plots is provided in the Supplementary Information (Supplementary Datasets 7–10). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.