Table 2.

Summary of the effects of selected fatty acids on the productions of TNF, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the THP-1 monocytes cultured with and without LPS treatment.

Fatty acid	without LPS			with LPS
	TNF	IL-1β	IL-6	TNF	IL-1β	IL-6
caprylic acid	↑	―	―	N/A	N/A	N/A
capric acid	―	↑	―	N/A	N/A	N/A
undecylic acid	―	―	↑	N/A	N/A	N/A
lauric acid	―	↑	↑	N/A	N/A	N/A
palmitic acid	―	↑	―	N/A	N/A	N/A
stearic acid	↑	↑	↑	N/A	N/A	N/A
palmitoleic acid	↑	↓	↓	↓/↑a	↓/↑	↑/↓
oleic acid	↑	―	―	↓/↑	↓/↑	↑/↓
linoleic acid	―	↓	↓	↓/↓	↓/―	↑/↓
α-linolenic acid	―	↓	↓	↓/↓	↓/―	↑/↓
γ-linolenic acid	↓	↓	↓	↓/―	↓/↓	↑/↓
arachidonic acid	―	↓	↓	↓/↓	↓/―	↑/↓
EPA	―	↓	↓	↓/↑	↓/↓	↑/↓
DPA	↓	↓	↓	↓/↑	↓/↓	↑/↓
DHA	―	↓	↓	↓/ ↓	↓/↓	↑/↓

↑: increase; ↓: decrease; ―: unchanged; ^a: trend at low concentration/trend at high concentration of FAs.