Table 3.
Associations between avocado consumption and breast cancer in the Nurses’ Health Study.
| Cases | <1/month | 1–3/month | ≥1/week | ptrend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Total Breast Cancer | 4544 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.05 (0.97, 1.14) | 1.20 (1.06, 1.36) | 0.005 |
| ER status | |||||
| ER positive | 3392 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.09 (0.99, 1.20) | 1.14 (0.99, 1.32) | 0.02 |
| ER negative | 734 | 1.00 (ref) | 0.95 (0.77, 1.19) | 1.52 (1.13, 2.04) | 0.06 |
| PR status | |||||
| PR positive | 2790 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.09 (0.99, 1.21) | 1.12 (0.96, 1.32) | 0.05 |
| PR negative | 1284 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (0.85, 1.18) | 1.33 (1.06, 1.67) | 0.06 |
| Diabetes | |||||
| Yes | 249 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.29 (0.86, 1.95) | 1.00 (0.51, 1.97) | 0.50 |
| No | 4295 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.04 (0.95, 1.13) | 1.21 (1.06, 1.37) | 0.008 |
| Menopause | |||||
| Post-menopause | 4056 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.08 (0.99, 1.18) | 1.22 (1.07, 1.39) | 0.001 |
| Pre-menopause | 402 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.12 (0.83, 1.52) | 1.19 (0.68, 2.07) | 0.36 |
| Mammogram | |||||
| Yes | 3552 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.07 (0.97, 1.17) | 1.14 (0.99, 1.31) | 0.04 |
| No | 992 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (0.82, 1.21) | 1.43 (1.10, 1.87) | 0.05 |
All models adjusted for age, race, height, smoking history, pack-years of smoking, family history of cancer, multivitamin use, alcohol intake, physical activity, aspirin use, body mass index, total energy intake, Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 (excluding avocados), colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy, physical exam, mammography postmenopausal hormone use, age at menarche, oral contraceptive use, breastfeeding, BMI at 18 years of age, age at menopause, and parity.