. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2023 Jan 4;32(5):577–585. doi: 10.1002/pds.5591

Table 4:

OUD prevalence estimates from four healthcare systems, 2014-2107

Algorithms	Cohort	Estimated OUD cases	Unadjusted Prevalence (% and 95% CI)	Adjusted^b Prevalence (% and 95% CI)	Adjusted/Crude
Stage 3	371019	9716	2.62 (2.11, 3.26)	14.3 (6.39, 31.8)	5.5
ICD9/10 at Stage 3	371019	7889	2.13 (1.60, 2.83)	21.3 (14.8, 30.8)	10.0
Stage 4 ^a	371019	7488	2.02 (1.61, 2.53)	15.3 (6.41, 36.4)	7.6
ICD9/10 at Stage 4 ^a	371019	6339	1.71 (1.28, 2.27)	18.6 (10.4, 33.2)	10.9

Abbreviations: CI – confidence intervals; OUD – opioid use disorders

– excluding OUDs among patients with cancer

– adjusted for site-specific weighted sensitivity and specificity derived using inverse probability of sampling proportion weights