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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Reprod Toxicol. 2023 Feb 16;117:108350. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108350

Table 2.

Spearman correlation coefficients and differences of medians for sociodemographic factors and food and beverage consumption habits with specific gravity corrected urinary glyphosate concentrations, among control women with a term birth from Charleston, South Carolina (n = 26).

Covariate/Exposure Correlation Coefficient or Difference of Medians p-value
Age −0.05 0.800
BMI −0.11 0.579
Educationa 0.02b 0.539
Season of urine specimen collection c −0.02b 0.569
Smoking statusd −0.29b 0.962
Infant sexe −0.06b 0.011
Food and Beverage Consumption Habits
“In general, how often did you …”:
 Consume organic, eco-friendly, chemical-free, or environmentally-friendly food 0.32 0.135
 Food and beverages in safe plastics 0.29 0.176
 Drink water from a soft, crushable plastic bottle −0.06 0.788
 Drink water from a hard, reusable plastic bottle 0.11 0.630
 Consume foods stored in a clear, unbreakable, plastic 0.30 0161
container
 Microwave food in a plastic container 0.25 0.256
 Caffeinate coffee in the past week? −0.02b 0.911
 Caffeinate tea in the past week? −0.02b 0.423
 Caffeinate soft drinks or sodas in the past week? −0.01b 0.598
“Since learning of pregnancy, how often did you …”:
 Consume organic, pesticide-free, chemical-free food 0.13 0.555
 Consume food grown by family/friends 0.10 0.649
 Consume unprocessed food 0.11 0.608
 Consume canned fruits or vegetables 0.23 0.281
 Consume frozen fruits or vegetables 0.03 0.909
 Consume fresh fruits or vegetables 0.33 0.131
 In a typical week consume food from a can 0.18 0.420
 In a typical week drink from a can 0.12 0.600
 In a typical week drink from a plastic bottle 0.24 0.270

NOTE:

a

Education (< college / > college);

b

difference of medians;

c

difference of medians between winter and spring;

d

smoking status (never smoked / current smoker or quit since learning of pregnancy);

e

infant sex assigned at birth (male / female)

Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index