Table 2.
Linear mixed models analysing the association between baseline sex hormones and longitudinal brain-predicted age difference (brain-PAD) (n=193).
| Baseline | Longitudinal | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aUnadjusted | bAdjusted | aUnadjusted | bAdjusted | |||||||
| Sex hormone | b (95% CI) | β | p | b (95% CI) | β | p | b (95% CI) | p | b (95% CI) | p |
|
| ||||||||||
| Oestrone: | ||||||||||
| Tertile 2 | 0.55 (−1.20, 2.30) | 0.05 | 0.537 | 0.87 (−0.90, 2.64) | 0.08 | 0.337 | −0.02 (−0.27, 0.24) | 0.884 | −0.02 (−0.27, 0.23) | 0.877 |
| Tertile 3 | −0.16 (−1.91, 1.60) | −0.01 | 0.860 | 0.58 (−1.23, 2.38) | 0.05 | 0.532 | 0.02 (−0.24, 0.27) | 0.901 | 0.02 (−0.24, 0.28) | 0.878 |
| Testosterone: | ||||||||||
| Tertile 2 | −0.90 (−2.65, 0.85) | −0.08 | 0.314 | −0.40 (−2.21, 1.42) | −0.04 | 0.668 | 0.03 (−0.22, 0.28) | 0.807 | −0.03 (−0.29, 0.23) | 0.843 |
| Tertile 3 | 0.22 (−1.51, 1.95) | 0.02 | 0.804 | 0.70 (−1.08, 2.48) | 0.06 | 0.440 | 0.02 (−0.23, 0.27) | 0.859 | 0.01 (−0.25, 0.27) | 0.951 |
| DHEA: | ||||||||||
| Tertile 2 | 0.76 (−0.99, 2.50) | 0.07 | 0.395 | 0.85 (−0.92, 2.62) | 0.08 | 0.346 | −0.13 (−0.38, 0.12) | 0.313 | −0.15 (−0.41, 0.10) | 0.236 |
| Tertile 3 | 1.79 (0.06, 3.53) | 0.16 | 0.043* | 1.65 (−0.13, 3.43) | 0.15 | 0.069 | 0.07 (−0.18, 0.32) | 0.586 | 0.05 (−0.21, 0.30) | 0.704 |
| SHBG: | ||||||||||
| Tertile 2 | −0.44 (−2.28, 1.39) | −0.04 | 0.637 | −0.54 (−2.41, 1.32) | −0.05 | 0.569 | −0.01 (−0.27, 0.25) | 0.951 | −0.04 (−0.31, 0.35) | 0.789 |
| Tertile 3 | −1.23 (−3.07, 0.61) | −0.11 | 0.189 | −1.41 (−3.30, 0.47) | −0.13 | 0.141 | 0.20 (−0.07, 0.46) | 0.140 | 0.21 (−0.06, 0.48) | 0.127 |
p<0.05.
Abbreviations: DHEA=dehydroepiandrosterone; SHBG=sex hormone binding globulin. Linear mixed models include a fixed effect of time (baseline, one and three year visit, not shown in the table above) and baseline sex hormone (as represented by ‘Baseline’). The 2-way interactions between sex hormones and time were also included, and represent the effects of hormones on the change in brain-PAD (as indicated by ‘Longitudinal’). Coefficients for tertiles 2 and 3 are relative to women with the lowest values (tertile 1).
Total sample size of 207 women were included in each independent model, with the exception of SHBG, which includes data from 194 participants. Models were fully adjusted for chronological age, smoking, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, impaired renal function and aspirin as covariates.
Missing data were from BMI (n=2) and impaired renal function (n=12). As such, adjusted models include 193 women for all sex hormones, except SHBG, which includes 180.