Comprehensive description of factors that influence kinetic behavior of M-N-C catalysts. (a) Contributions of transport, site quantity, accessibility, and intrinsic reactivity to overall rates, (b) substrate concentration profile in bulk solution, at the particle surface, and within a catalyst particle under transport-controlled conditions, and (c) systematic studies across bulk metal content in ORR.123 Panel (c) is adapted with permission from Ref. 123. Copyright 2007 Elsevier.