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. 2023 Mar 22;14:1118039. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1118039

Table 1.

Baseline clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters of patients in the survival and death groups.

Variable Survival
(n = 36)
Death
(n = 26)
P-value
Demographics
Age, years 67 (54–73) 71 (58–76) 0.199
Male, n (%) 18 (50.0%) 11 (42.3%) 0.549
Chronic comorbidities, n (%)
Hypertension 11 (30.6%) 10 (38.5%) 0.516
Diabetes mellitus 3 (8.3%) 2 (7.7%) 1.000
Malignancy 1 (2.8%) 0 (0%) 1.000
CAD 1 (2.8%) 0 (0%) 1.000
COPD 0 (0%) 1 (3.9%) 0.419
Clinical manifestations, n (%)
Nausea 12 (33.3%) 7 (26.9%) 0.589
Vomiting 10 (27.8%) 9 (34.6%) 0.564
Celialgia 4 (11.1%) 2 (7.7%) 0.653
Diarrhea 17 (47.2%) 10 (38.5%) 0.492
Unintelligible speech 1 (2.8%) 3(11.5%) 0.300
Dizziness and headache 18 (50.0%) 6 (23.1%) 0.032
Cough 9 (25.0%) 4 (15.4%) 0.359
Sputum 7 (19.4%) 3 (11.5%) 0.627
Chest tightness 3 (8.3%) 3 (11.5%) 0.689
Rash 6 (16.7%) 1 (3.8%) 0.222
Lymphadenopathy 13 (36.1%) 7 (26.9%) 0.445
Bleeding spots on the skin 7 (19.4%) 9 (34.6%) 0.178
Laboratory parameters
WBC count, median (IQR),
×109/L
2.5 (1.8–4.6) 2.7 (1.7–3.7) 0.898
ANC count, median (IQR), ×109/L 1.7 (1.0–2.9) 2.1 (1.2–2.8) 0.668
ALC count, median (IQR), ×109/L 0.7 (0.4–0.9) 0.5 (0.3–0.6) 0.042
NLR, median (IQR) 2.2 (1.5–6.1) 3.3 (1.9–9.1) 0.136
RDW, median (IQR), % 13.2 (12.8–13.5) 13.6 (12.8–14.3) 0.071
PLT count, median (IQR), ×109/L 44.5 (33.8–61.3) 39.5 (29.0–58.5) 0.480
PLR, median (IQR) 65.5 (39.3–146.0) 89.6 (67.5–145.0) 0.248
PT, median (IQR), s 12.0 (11.2–12.6) 12.4 (11.7–13.0) 0.123
APTT, median (IQR), s 41.4 (33.6–46.3) 48.5 (37.6–61.1) 0.009
TT, median (IQR), s 22.8 (21.1–27.7) 26.9 (21.8–57.9) 0.057
D-dimer, median (IQR), mg/L 3.8 (2.3–9.2) 9.9 (3.4–22.6) 0.018
ALT, median (IQR), U/L 69.6 (54.3–97.2) 75.3 (50.5–90.5) 0.881
AST, median (IQR), U/L 172.5 (93.4–312.9) 222.0 (114.1–321.8) 0.304
ALB, median (IQR), g/L 32.0 (28.7–35.7) 31.7 (29.1–34.1) 0.775
TBIL, median (IQR), µmol/L 11.0 (8.6–13.9) 7.7 (5.8–11.5) 0.066
SCr, median (IQR), µmol/L 72.5 (48.8–89.6) 82 (67.5–123.6) 0.090
BUN, median (IQR), mmol/L 5.2 (3.5–7.1) 5.9 (4.8–10.6) 0.061
UA, median (IQR), µmol/L 306 (236–347) 342 (231–463) 0.471
IVIG usage
IVIG dosage, g 95.0 (57.5–100.0) 60.0 (40.0–100.0) 0.066
IVIG duration, d 5 ± 2 4 ± 2 0.003
Additional information
Time from onset to arriving in hospital, d 7 ± 3 7 ± 2 0.317
Time from onset to IVIG treatment, d 9 ± 3 9 ± 3 0.677

CAD, coronary artery disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; WBC, white blood cell; ANC, absolute neutrophil count; ALC, absolute lymphocyte count; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; RDW, red cell volume distribution width; PLT, platelet; PLR, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; PT, prothrombin time; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; TT, thrombin time; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALB, serum albumin; TBIL, total bilirubin; SCr, serum creatinine; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; UA, uric acid; IVIG, intravenous immunoglobulin; IQR, interquartile range.