Table 1.
Severe food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) in infants exclusively breastfed.
| Author, Year (ref) | Clinical Features | Triggers of acute reactions In OCT | Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Monti, 2011 (98) | 1 month-old infant, Chronic FPIES | Cow’s milk-based formula CMP through breastfeeding after maternal ingestion | EHF 1 week Reintroduction of breastfeeding (milk and dairy products were avoided but baked products that might contain heated milk were permitted) supplementation with EHF From 2 months of age onwards: Breastfeeding (CMP free diet) and supplementation with EHF |
| Nomura, 2011 (99) | Three infants, Bloody diarrhea, vomiting | Cow’s milk-based formula CMP through breastfeeding after maternal ingestion Rice and soy |
Cessation of breastfeeding Formula type not specified |
| Tan, 2012 (101) | 5 month-old infant, Acute FPIES | Soy formula Soy through breastfeeding after maternal ingestion |
Breastfeeding (soy free diet but processed foods that might contain traces of soy protein were permitted) |
| Miceli Sopo, 2014 (97) | 1 month-old infant, Chronic FPIES. AD | CMP breastfeeding after maternal ingestion | Breastfeeding (CMP- and egg-free diet) |
| 2 month-old infant, Chronic FPIES. AD | Cow’s milk-based formula CMP through breastfeeding after maternal ingestion |
Breastfeeding (CMP-free diet) | |
| Kaya, 2016 (96) | 15 day-old infant, Chronic FPIES | CMP through breastfeeding after maternal ingestion Cow’s milk-based formula | Breastfeeding (CMP-free diet) and supplementation with AAF |
| 2.5 month-old infant, Chronic FPIES | Cow’s milk-based formula | Breastfeeding (CMP-free diet) and supplementation with AAF | |
| Vergara Perez, 2018 (102) | 2 month-old infant, Acute FPIES | No OCT was performed | AAF 2 weeks Reintroduction of breastfeeding (CMP-free diet) |
| Ntoumpara, 2019 (100) | 4 month-old infant, Chronic FPIES | Partially HF CMP and soy through breastfeeding after maternal ingestion |
AAF |
| Baldo, 2020 (95) | 2 month-old infant, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, failure to thrive. Raised level of methemoglobin. | No OCT was performed | AAF |
| 3 month-old infant, vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration, failure to thrive. Raised level of methemoglobin. Eosinophilic infiltration of the duodenal mucosa | No OCT was performed | Breastfeeding (CMP-free diet) and supplementation with AAF |
AAF, amino acid formula; AD, atopic dermatitis; CMP, cow’s milk proteins; EHF, extensively hydrolyzed formula; FPIES, food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome; HF, hydrolyzed formula; OCT, oral challenge test.