TABLE 2.
Means (standard deviations) of inclination angles (IA) and rates of change of IA (RCIA) in the sagittal plane at heel-strike (HS) and toe-off (TO), and their average values and ranges during double-limb support (DLS) and single-limb support (SLS), as well as peak RCIA during DLS. p-values are also given for comparisons between groups using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and for post hoc analysis using independent t-tests.
| LPPA | MVA | Control | PG (PLC, PMC, PLM) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sagittal IA (deg) | ||||
| Events | ||||
| HS | 6.6 (0.9) | 6.3 (1.4) | 7.3 (0.9) | 0.03, 0.06, 0.58 |
| TO | −8.0 (0.7) | −8.3 (0.8) | −8.0 (0.8) | Main Effect: 0.24 |
| Averages | ||||
| SLS | −0.6 (0.5) | −0.5 (0.6) | −0.3 (0.8) | Main Effect: 0.61 |
| DLS | −1.7 (1.0) | −1.6 (0.5) | −0.3 (0.6) | <0.01, <0.01, 0.62 |
| Ranges | ||||
| SLS | 13.5 (2.0) | 15.4 (1.7) | 16.3 (1.1) | <0.01, 0.13, 0.02 |
| DLS | 13.5 (1.5) | 15.1 (1.3) | 15.5 (1.4) | <0.01, 0.49, 0.01 |
| Sagittal RCIA (deg/s) | ||||
| Events | ||||
| HS | −64.0 (71.8) | −106.7 (93.6) | −131.3 (63.4) | 0.02, 0.46, 0.22 |
| TO | −6.5 (27.1) | −8.7 (22.7) | −36.8 (31.2) | <0.01, 0.02, 0.15 |
| Averages | ||||
| SLS | 28.9 (6.0) | 31.4 (4.6) | 36.4 (3.3) | <0.01, 0.01, 0.26 |
| DLS | −69.2 (21.5) | −86.9 (23.2) | −104.2 (20.8) | <0.01, 0.07, 0.07 |
| Peak Values | ||||
| DLS | −139.8 (50.0) | −149.7 (33.1) | −155.8 (32.4) | Main Effect: 0.61 |
| Ranges | ||||
| SLS | 115.3 (55.2) | 178.0 (80.3) | 175.5 (84.4) | 0.05, 0.94, 0.04 |
| DLS | 221.4 (72.2) | 253.0 (68.4) | 245.6 (37.6) | Main Effect: 0.43 |
Bold values are significantly different from the groups.
p-Values: PG , group effect; PLC = LPPA, vs. Control; PMC = MVA, vs. Control; PLM = LPPA, vs. MVA.