TABLE 3.
Means (standard deviations) of inclination angles (IA) and rates of change of IA (RCIA) in the frontal plane at heel-strike (HS) and toe-off (TO), and their average values and ranges during double-limb support (DLS) and single-limb support (SLS), as well as peak RCIA during DLS. p-values are also given for comparisons between groups using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and for post hoc analysis using independent t-tests.
| LPPA | MVA | Control | PG, (PLC, PMC, PLM) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frontal IA (deg) | ||||
| Events | ||||
| HS | −3.9 (0.8) | −4.3 (1.0) | −3.8 (0.9) | Main Effect: 0.29 |
| TO | −3.4 (0.7) | −4.0 (0.7) | −3.3 (0.9) | Main Effect: 0.13 |
| Averages | ||||
| SLS | 3.1 (0.5) | 3.8 (0.6) | 3.2 (0.7) | 0.55, 0.04, <0.01 |
| DLS | −0.2 (0.5) | −0.0 (0.3) | 0.1 (0.6) | Main Effect: 0.42 |
| Ranges | ||||
| SLS | 1.1 (0.4) | 1.6 (0.5) | 1.3 (0.6) | 0.53, 0.26, 0.04 |
| DLS | 6.9 (1.2) | 8.6 (1.6) | 7.1 (1.6) | 0.80, 0.03, 0.01 |
| Frontal RCIA (deg/s) | ||||
| Events | ||||
| HS | 38.5 (31.8) | 55.8 (44.0) | 54.6 (21.2) | Main Effect: 0.38 |
| TO | −8.9 (11.7) | −15.5 (9.9) | −26.0 (14.8) | <0.01, 0.05, 0.15 |
| Averages | ||||
| SLS | 0.7 (0.9) | 1.9 (1.3) | 2.0 (1.6) | 0.03, 0.94, 0.01 |
| DLS | −35.5 (10.9) | −48.5 (12.3) | −48.4 (15.3) | 0.03, 0.98, 0.01 |
| Peak Values | ||||
| DLS | −62.3 (23.0) | −71.6 (17.5) | −61.7 (19.3) | Main Effect: 0.41 |
| Ranges | ||||
| SLS | 49.2 (26.5) | 80.4 (31.4) | 70.0 (42.6) | 0.17, 0.50, 0.02 |
| DLS | 89.7 (37.9) | 108.1 (29.4) | 85.5 (25.3) | Main Effect: 0.19 |
Bold values are significantly different from the groups.
p-Values: PG , group effect; PLC = LPPA, vs. Control; PMC = MVA, vs. Control; PLM = LPPA, vs. MVA.