Table 5.
Estimated pooled prevalence of Klebsiella-positive milk samples by country.
| Country | Klebsiella species*(No. studies) | Continent | No. tested | No. positive | Positive percentage | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australia | Kpn (1); Unknown Species (1) | Oceania | 2,806 | 21 | 0.67% | 0.38–1.03% |
| Austria | Kpn (1) | Europe | 3,020 | 11 | 0.36% | 0.18–0.62% |
| Bangladesh | Unknown Species (1) | Asia | 48 | 30 | 62.50% | 48.27–75.75% |
| Belgium | Unknown Species (2) | Europe | 30,107 | 112 | 0.22% | 0.02–0.64% |
| Brazil | Kpn (3); Kox (1); Koz (1) | South America | 10,287 | 171 | 2.56% | 0.56–5.89% |
| Canada | Unknown Species (3) | North America | 2,278 | 78 | 2.90% | 1.14–5.39% |
| China | Kpn (7); Kox (1); Unknown Species (7) | Asia | 6,648 | 873 | 11.67% | 8.00–15.89% |
| Colombia | Unknown Species (1) | South America | 7,954 | 104 | 1.31% | 1.07–1.57% |
| Egypt | Kpn (2); Kox (1) | Africa | 123 | 38 | 30.72% | 22.70–39.33% |
| Estonia | Unknown Species (1) | Europe | 4,679 | 87 | 1.86% | 1.49–2.27% |
| Ethiopia | Kpn (2); Unknown Species (1) | Africa | 383 | 17 | 4.13% | 2.12–6.68% |
| France | Unknown Species (1) | Europe | 1,770 | 17 | 0.96% | 0.55–1.47% |
| India | Unknown Species (1) | Asia | 340 | 154 | 45.29% | 40.03–50.61% |
| Indonesia | Kpn (1) | Asia | 80 | 7 | 8.75% | 3.39–16.08% |
| Iran | Kpn (1) | Asia | 200 | 80 | 40.00% | 33.30–46.89% |
| Japan | Kpn (2); Kox (1) | Asia | 3,015 | 294 | 9.45% | 4.35–16.24% |
| Korea | Unknown Species (1) | Asia | 2,041 | 107 | 5.24% | 4.32–6.25% |
| Lebanon | Kpn (1); Kox (1) | Asia | 244 | 36 | 9.22% | 0.00–39.36% |
| Peru | Unknown Species (1) | South America | 142 | 46 | 32.39% | 24.92–40.34% |
| Sweden | Unknown Species (1) | Europe | 755 | 22 | 2.91% | 1.82–4.25% |
| Tanzania | Unknown Species (1) | Africa | 1,648 | 79 | 4.79% | 3.81–5.88% |
| The Netherlands | Kpn (1); Unknown Species (1) | Europe | 303 | 5 | 1.52% | 0.04–4.41% |
| The United Kingdom | Kpn (1) | Europe | 17 | 3 | 17.65% | 2.57–39.97% |
| The United States | Kpn (2); Unknown Species (2) | North America | 867 | 81 | 14.61% | 1.94–35.23% |
| Uganda | Kox (1) | Africa | 97 | 5 | 5.15% | 1.48–10.61% |
| Total | — | — | 79,852 | 2,478 | 7.95% | 6.07–10.06% |
*Klebsiella species: Kpn, Klebsiella pneumoniae; Kox, Klebsiella oxytoca; Koz, Klebsiella ozaenae.