Table 3.

Anti-food waste strategy level documents of the world's leading countries and institutions

Countries (regions, institutions)	Laws and regulations and related documents	Date	Main content
EU	Circular economy package	2015	Provide a range of measures to reduce food waste
	EU guidelines on food donation	2017	The main focus is on how to regulate food conservation
	Waste framework directive	2018	Revisions revolve around increasing food conservation
	Developed by the EU platform on food losses and food waste	2019	Establishment of the "EU platform on food loss and food waste"
	European green deal	2020	Strategic objectives include "revision of EU food date marking rules, legal constraints on food waste."
	Food redistribution in the EU	2020	A comprehensive review of the legal and policy measures of the EU and its member states concerning food donation, such as food hygiene, labeling, liability, and taxation
UN	International agreement on world food security	1974	The concept of "food security" was introduced, regulating the relevant elements of food security
	Convention on biological diversity	1992	The regulations highlight the importance of food as a food resource for human survival and health and reflect the severe consequences of food waste on human development and the need for food conservation
	Rome declaration and plan of action	1996	Every person has the right to food and food security, and it recommends that governments specify in their domestic legislation the responsibility for food security in terms of poverty eradication, industrial development, increasing production, and reducing losses
	Think.Eat.Save	2013	It aims to highlight the environmental problems caused by food waste and calls for human beings to pay attention to food conservation
	The 2030 agenda for sustainable development	2015	Sets a sustainable development goal of halving global food losses in retail, consumption, production, and supply by 2030
	The Paris agreement	2016	Proposes to prioritize food security and hunger eradication
Germany	National strategy to reduce food waste	2019	Set targets to halve food waste at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food waste at the production and supply levels by 2030, and make the reduction or avoidance of food waste a national task
Norway	Agreement to reduce food waste	2017	It specifies that food producers, manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers, restaurants, households, and government departments must take responsibility for reducing food waste to promote food conservation and combat it
UK	National waste reduction strategy for England	2007	Emphasis on the economic and environmental impact of reducing food waste, with the main aim of reducing inter-household food waste
USA	Formal agreement among EPA, FDA, and USDA relative to cooperation and coordination on food loss and waste	2018	The agreement aims to improve coordination and communication between federal agencies to educate the American public better to reduce food loss and waste and, to some extent, promote the food conservation process
Argentina	National program to reduce food loss and waste	2019	It refines the regulations on food donations, the parties involved, the implementation process, etc.
Korea	Food waste reduction masterplan	1996	Regulations are in place for food waste recycling
Japan	The act on promotion of food loss and waste reduction	2019	Clarifies the Government's responsibility to avoid food waste

EU European Union, UN United Nations. UK United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, USA The United States of America, EPA Environmental Protection Agency, FDA Food and Drug Administration, USDA United States Department of Agriculture