Table 2.
Procedural characteristics and perioperative outcomes.
| Group R (N = 131) | Group P (N = 130) | p-value | NNT #/MD a.(95% CI)b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary outcome measure | ||||
| Mild hypoxemia, no. (%) | 37 (14.2) | 30 (11.5) | 0.396 | – |
| Severe hypoxemia, no. (%) | 11 (4.2) | 24 (9.2) | 0.019 | 10 (5 to 55)# |
| Adverse events | ||||
| Bradycardia, no. (%) | 10 (7.6) | 12 (9.2) | 0.642 | – |
| Tachycardia, no. (%) | 8 (6.1) | 4 (3.1) | 0.243 | – |
| Hypotension, no. (%) | 15 (11.5) | 13(10) | 0.705 | – |
| Hypertension, no. (%) | 4 (3.1) | 1 (0.8) | 0.178 | – |
| Dizziness, no. (%) | 8 (6.1) | 9 (6.9) | 0.789 | – |
| Headache, no. (%) | 1 (0.8) | 2 (1.5) | 0.622 | – |
| PONVc, no. (%) | 2 (1.5) | 0 | 0.498 | – |
| Hallucination, no. (%) | 5 (3.8) | 3 (2.3) | 0.722 | – |
| Chill, no. (%) | 0 | 0 | – | – |
| Other outcomes | ||||
| Time to LoCd, s. (IQR) | 53 (45 to 61) | 50 (42 to 54) | 0.001 | 4 (1 to 6)$ |
| Duration of operation, min. (IQR) | 16 (14 to 17.5) | 15 (13 to 18) | 0.083 | 1 (0 to 1)$ |
| Time to recoverye, min. (IQR) | 48 (41 to 58) | 55.5 (46 to 67) | <0.001 | −8 (−11 to −4)$ |
| Chin lift, no. (%) | 25 (19.1) | 40 (30.8) | 0.029 | 9 (5 to 78)# |
| Mask ventilation, no. (%) | 7 (5.3) | 17 (13.1) | 0.031 | 12 (7 to 127)# |
| Sedation rescuef, no. (%) | 25 (19.1) | 10 (7.7) | 0.007 | −9 (−31 to −5)# |
| Sedation failure, no. (%) | 0 | 0 | – | – |
| Accidental intubations, no. (%) | 0 | 0 | – | |
| Use of Vasoactive drugs, no. (%) | 9 (6.9) | 11 (8.5) | 0.629 | – |
| Sedative drug total consumption g | – | |||
| Propofol, mg (IQR) | – | 134 (120 to 157) | – | – |
| Remimazolam, mg (IQR) | 13.5 (12 to 15) | – | – | – |
| Esketamine, mg (IQR) | 38 (36.5 to 42) | 39.5 (36.5 to 44) | 0.227 | – |
Values are presented as number and percent (%) for categorical variables and mean (± SD) or median (Inter Quartile Range-IQR) as appropriate for continuous variables.
NNT (number needed to treat). Only given if both the upper and lower bounds of the NNT’s 95% confidence interval are positive or negative (to avoid confusing numbers that require treatment and numbers that require harm).
MD (median difference).
95% CI (95% confidence interval).
PONV (Postoperative nausea and vomiting).
Time to Loc (time to loss of consciousness), assessed by modified observer’s assessment alert/sedation scale.
Time to recovery, assessed by modified Aldrete scale, which monitoring from five dimensions: respiration, blood pressure, SpO2, activity, and consciousness, and the patients were allowed to leave the PACU when the modified Aldrete scale score ≥ 9.
refers to patients with up to three additional doses of remimazolam/propofol within the initial dose and 15 min.
The consumption of propofol and remimazolam was the total dosages required for induction and maintenance.