TABLE 21.
Estimated differentials in economic vulnerability robust to alternative specifications for women
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Expense diff | Food insufficient | Housing insecure | Took debt | Borrowed friends | Govt | |
| Panel A: removing control for children | ||||||
| Lesbian |
0.031*** (0.009) |
0.028*** (0.008) |
0.003 (0.003) |
0.048*** (0.010) |
0.029*** (0.009) |
− 0.004 (0.010) |
| Bisexual |
0.076*** (0.006) |
0.028*** (0.006) |
0.003 (0.002) |
0.057*** (0.007) |
0.065*** (0.006) |
0.031*** (0.007) |
| Dep. var mean | 0.624 | 0.117 | 0.026 | 0.313 | 0.130 | 0.268 |
| Adj. R squared | 0.140 | 0.087 | 0.025 | 0.032 | 0.056 | 0.075 |
| N | 322,447 | 313,621 | 349,612 | 349,612 | 349,612 | 349,612 |
| Panel B: controlling for income | ||||||
| Lesbian |
0.041*** (0.009) |
0.023*** (0.008) |
0.006 (0.004) |
0.036*** (0.011) |
0.031*** (0.009) |
0.017 (0.011) |
| Bisexual |
0.062*** (0.006) |
0.023*** (0.006) |
0.000 (0.003) |
0.043*** (0.008) |
0.059*** (0.007) |
0.030*** (0.008) |
| Dep. var mean | 0.613 | 0.114 | 0.034 | 0.369 | 0.148 | 0.308 |
| Adj. R squared | 0.263 | 0.131 | 0.054 | 0.050 | 0.124 | 0.222 |
| N | 278,037 | 277,687 | 278,234 | 278,234 | 278,234 | 278,234 |
| Panel C: relaxing age restriction | ||||||
| Lesbian |
0.031*** (0.010) |
0.025*** (0.008) |
0.005 (0.003) |
0.034*** (0.009) |
0.027*** (0.008) |
0.019* (0.010) |
| Bisexual |
0.083*** (0.006) |
0.030*** (0.005) |
0.004 (0.002) |
0.049*** (0.007) |
0.065*** (0.006) |
0.050*** (0.007) |
| Dep. var mean | 0.578 | 0.100 | 0.021 | 0.292 | 0.110 | 0.239 |
| Adj. R squared | 0.160 | 0.088 | 0.025 | 0.032 | 0.066 | 0.115 |
| N | 434,555 | 423,160 | 466,924 | 466,924 | 466,924 | 466,924 |
Source Authors’ calculations from the Pulse Survey Phases 3.2–3.4. Coefficients of interest presented are relative to omitted sexual orientation category of heterosexual. Specifications also include controls for age and its square, race (Black, Asian, other), a Hispanic ethnicity, gender identity (not cisgender and other gender), sexual orientation reports of “Something else” and “I don’t know”, educational attainment (less than high school, some college, bachelor’s degree and graduate school), marital status, number of adults in the household, number of children in the household, residence in a metropolitan statistical area, as well as state and survey wave fixed effects
*Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%