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. 2023 Mar 22;9(4):e14806. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14806

Table 1.

Flammability testing.

Flammability parameters Control Treated Increase/Decrease %
Add-on (%) 2.24
LOI 19 29 52.63
Ignition time (second) 10 12 20.00
Burning Time (second) 43.5 67.7 55.63
Vertical flammability occurring of flashing over the surface Yes No
Observed burning rate (mm/min) warp way 175.17 112.56 −35.74