Table 6.
Benzoic acids, cinnamic acids and anthocyanins in palms.
| Species | Plant Part | Benzoic acids | Cinnamic acids | Anthocyanins | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Areca catechu L. | fruit | p-Hydroxybenzoic | p-Coumaric, Ferulic | – | [45,70] |
| Nypa fruticans | fruit | p-Hydroxybenzoic, Protocatechuic, Gallic | Chlorogenic | – | [71] |
| Borassus flabellifer | fruit | p-Hydroxybenzoic | p-Coumaric, Ferulic | – | [45] |
| Euterpe edulis | fruit | p-Hydroxybenzoic, Protocatechuic, Vanillic, Gallic, Syringic | p-Coumaric, Caffeic, Ferulic, Sinapic, Chlorogenic, Stilbene | Cyanidin-3-glucoside, Cyanidin-3-rutinoside | [[65], [66], [67]] |
| Butia capitata | fruit | _ | Chlorogenic | – | [72] |
| Butia odorata Barb. Rodr | fruit | p-Hydroxybenzoic, Vanillic, Gallic | p-Coumaric, Caffeic, Ferulic, Chlorogenic | Cyanidin-3-glucoside, Cyanidin-3-rutinoside | [69] |
| Bactris setosa Mart. | fruit | p-Hydroxybenzoic | Stilbene | – | [73] |
| Euterpe oleracea | pulp | p-Hydroxybenzoic, Protocatechuic, Vanillic, Gallic, Syringic | p-Coumaric, Caffeic, Ferulic, Chlorogenic | Cyanidin-3-glucoside, Cyanidin-3-rutinoside | [[60], [61], [62], [63], [64]] |
| Hyphaene thebaica | fruit | _ | Caffeic, Chlorogenic, Stilbene | – | [68] |
| Mauritia flexulosa L. f. | fruit | Protocatechuic | p-Coumaric, Caffeic, Ferulic, Chlorogenic | Cyanidin-3-glucoside | [74,75] |
| Mauritia flexulosa L. f. | leaves | _ | Caffeic, Chlorogenic | – | [75,76] |
| Phoenix dactylifera L. | date fruit | p-Hydroxybenzoic, Protocatechuic, Vanillic, Gallic, Syringic | p-Coumaric, Caffeic, Ferulic, Sinapic | Cyanidin-3-glucoside | [[51], [52], [53], [54], [55], [56], [57], [58], [59]] |
| Oenocarpus distichus Mart. | Bacaba-de-leque fruit | p-Hydroxybenzoic, Vanillic, Syringic | p-Coumaric, Caffeic, Ferulic, Sinapic, Chlorogenic | – | [77] |
| Oenocarpus distichus Mart. | Patawa fruit | Syringic | Caffeic, Chlorogenic, stilbene | Cyanidin-3-rutinoside | [78] |
| Cocos nucifera L. | Husk fibre | p-Hydroxybenzoic, Vanillic, Gallic, Syringic | Ferulic, Chlorogenic | – | [[79], [80], [81], [82]] |
| Cocos nucifera L. | oil | – | p-Coumaric, Caffeic, Ferulic | – | [83] |
| Elaeis guineensis Jacq | fruit | p-Hydroxybenzoic, Protocatechuic, Vanillic, Gallic, Syringic | p-Coumaric, Caffeic, Ferulic | Cyanidin-3-glucoside | [[45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50]] |