Table 3.
The results of subgroup analysis
| Category | Number of studies | Pooled prevalence (% [95% CI]) | I2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Region* | 1 | Total | 12 | 18.53 (13.74–23.32) | 97.9% |
| Men | 8 | 27.71 (18.74–36.68) | 98.7% | ||
| Women | 8 | 6.24 (3.86–8.62) | 94.9% | ||
| 2 | Total | 13 | 10.44 (8.06–12.83) | 64.5% | |
| Men | 8 | 16 (13.99–18.01) | 63.1% | ||
| Women | 8 | 2.55 (1.33–3.77) | 86.6% | ||
| 3 | Total | 5 | 15.39 (11.20–19.58) | 91.2% | |
| Men | 1 | 18 (13.19–22.80) | - | ||
| Women | 1 | 1.4 (0.05–2.74) | - | ||
| 4 | Total | 4 | 12.76 (5.71–19.80) | 98.9% | |
| 5 | Total | 15 | 11.90 (8.73–15.6) | 97.5% | |
| Men | 11 | 18.16 (11.78–24.53) | 98% | ||
| Women | 11 | 5.43 (3.30–7.56) | 95.4% | ||
| Type | University | Total | 32 | 15.62 (13.14–18.10) | 97.2% |
| Men | 19 | 24.69 (20.76–28.63) | 94% | ||
| Women | 19 | 5.18 (3.70–6.66) | 94.6% | ||
| High school | Total | 17 | 9.77 (7.19–12.35) | 97.9% | |
| Men | 9 | 11.49 (7.40–15.58) | 97.2% | ||
| Women | 9 | 3.64 (2.12–5.17) | 92.8% | ||
| Language | Farsi | Total | 40 | 13.53 (11.39–15.67) | 98% |
| Men | 21 | 19.56 (14.99–24.13) | 97.9% | ||
| Women | 21 | 3.84 (2.71–4.97) | 94% | ||
| English | Total | 9 | 13.70 (9.11–18.30) | 97.3% | |
| Men | 7 | 22.54 (16.61–28.47) | 95.8% | ||
| Women | 7 | 6.61 (4.95–8.28) | 73.9% | ||
*
Region 1: Alborz, Tehran, Qazvin, Mazandaran, Semnan, Golestan, and Qom. Region 2: Isfahan, Fars, Bushehr, Hormozgan, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, and Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Region 3: West Azerbaijan, East Azerbaijan, Ardabil, Zanjan, Guilan, and Kurdistan. Region 4: Kermanshah, Ilam, Lorestan, Hamedan, Markazi, and Khuzestan. Region 5: Razavi Khorasan, North Khorasan, South Khorasan, Kerman, Yazd, and Sistan and Baluchestan.