Table 3.
Results of Multilevel Models Testing Avoidant Coping and Approach Coping as Correlates of Daily Outcomes, Controlling For Sociodemographic and Disease Characteristics
| Fatigue impact | Ability to participate in SRA | UE functioning | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Random effect | Est. | SE | p | Est. | SE | p | Est. | SE | p |
| Intercept | 6.43 | 1.06 | <.0001 | 12.90 | 2.26 | <.0001 | 22.44 | 4.41 | <.0001 |
| AR(1) | .12 | .06 | .047 | .34 | .07 | <.0001 | .45 | .07 | <.0001 |
| Residual | 3.87 | .27 | <.0001 | 7.70 | .72 | <.0001 | 19.39 | 2.17 | <.0001 |
| Fixed effect | B | SE | p | B | SE | p | B | SE | p |
| Intercept | 5.89 | 1.46 | <.001 | 16.70 | 2.11 | <.0001 | 35.63 | 2.92 | <.0001 |
| Age | .04 | .03 | .14 | −.09 | .04 | .03 | −.06 | .06 | .29 |
| Gender | −.26 | .62 | .68 | .73 | .89 | .42 | .64 | 1.24 | .61 |
| MS subtype | .17 | .69 | .80 | 1.34 | 1.00 | .18 | 3.10 | 1.38 | .03 |
| MS duration | .01 | .04 | .70 | −.03 | .05 | .57 | .07 | .08 | .34 |
| Avoidant coping | .18 | .05 | .002 | −.27 | .08 | .001 | −.14 | .11 | .19 |
| Approach coping | .02 | .04 | .68 | .03 | .05 | .55 | .07 | .07 | .38 |
| LE functioning | Depressive symptoms | ||||||||
| Random effect | Est. | SE | p | Est. | SE | p | |||
| Intercept | 29.98 | 5.07 | <.0001 | 28.70 | 4.53 | <.0001 | |||
| AR(1) | .38 | .07 | <.0001 | .22 | .06 | <.001 | |||
| Residual | 14.00 | 1.38 | <.0001 | 9.75 | .73 | <.0001 | |||
| Fixed effect | B | SE | p | B | SE | p | |||
| Intercept | 35.63 | 3.18 | <.0001 | 12.39 | 3.03 | <.0001 | |||
| Age | −.17 | .06 | .005 | .01 | .06 | .85 | |||
| Gender | .14 | 1.34 | .92 | −1.55 | 1.28 | .23 | |||
| MS subtype | 6.65 | 1.51 | <.0001 | 2.28 | 1.44 | .12 | |||
| MS duration | .005 | .08 | .95 | −.03 | .08 | .71 | |||
| Avoidant coping | −.28 | .12 | .02 | .36 | .11 | .002 | |||
| Approach coping | .04 | .08 | .60 | −.09 | .08 | .26 | |||
Est. covariance parameter estimate; B unstandardized beta; SE standard error. Bold values denote statistical significance at p < .05.