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a) Cross‐section morphology of Au‐IPMC (left) and Pd‐IPMC (right). b) Surface morphology of the Pt electrode layer fabricated on the Nafion film. c) Photograph of an IGMN‐based actuator. The zoom shows an optical microscopy image of the metalized surface of the actuator. a) Reproduced with permission.[ 67 ] Copyright 2014, Elsevier. b) Reproduced with permission.[ 33 ] Copyright 2019, John Wiley and Sons. c) Reproduced with permission.[ 71 ] Copyright 2017, John Wiley and Sons.
