Table 1.
Patient characteristics.
| Compensated ACLD (n = 95) |
Decompensated ACLD (n = 150) |
p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stage 0-2 | Stage 3Bleeding (n = 8) | Stage 4Non-bleeding decompensation (n = 81) | Stage 5Further decompensation (n = 61) | ||
| Age (years) | 58 (47–66) | 58 (54–61) | 56 (49–66) | 58 (48–68) | 0.863 |
| Sex (M, %) | 64 (67) | 6 (75) | 52 (64) | 39 (64) | 0.899 |
| Aetiology (n, %) | |||||
| ALD | 30 (32) | 3 (38) | 51 (63) | 40 (66) | <0.001 |
| Viral | 24 (25) | 4 (50) | 4 (5) | 3 (5) | |
| ALD + Viral | 3 (3) | 0 (0) | 6 (7) | 8 (13) | |
| NASH | 17 (18) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | |
| Cholestatic | 12 (13) | 0 (0) | 5 (6) | 2 (3) | |
| Other | 9 (10) | 1 (12) | 15 (19) | 7 (12) | |
| HVPG (mmHg) | 12 (9–18) | 18 (12–23) | 19 (15–22) | 19 (15–23) | <0.001 |
| MELD (points) | 9 (8–11) | 10 (9–12) | 12 (10–15) | 14 (11–17) | <0.001 |
| Bilirubin (mg/dl) | 0.87 (0.67–1.35) | 1.25 (0.81–1.39) | 1.55 (0.97–2.39) | 1.59 (0.92–2.34) | <0.001 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 39.9 (36.7–42.4) | 39.4 (37.8–42.1) | 35.2 (31.1–38.4) | 34.4 (31.3–37.0) | <0.001 |
| AST (U/L) | 38 (27–56) | 34 (23–49) | 44 (31–62) | 42 (29–54) | 0.275 |
| CRP (mg/dl) | 0.16 (0.07–0.36) | 0.21 (0.09–0.98) | 0.42 (0.17–0.91) | 0.45 (0.24–1.16) | <0.001 |
| IL-6 (pg/ml) | 5.45 (3.34–9.08) | 5.72 (4.82–13.8) | 11.2 (6.69–18.2) | 15.3 (9.77–27.8) | <0.001 |
| WBCs (G/L) | 4.82 (3.31–6.17) | 3.26 (2.64–4.64) | 4.86 (3.57–6.32) | 4.69 (3.75–6.10) | 0.134 |
| PCT (ng/ml) | 0.07 (0.05–0.11) | 0.06 (0.04–0.18) | 0.11 (0.07–0.17) | 0.13 (0.07–0.19) | <0.001 |
| LBP (μg/ml) | 6.45 (4.91–8.48) | 7.60 (6.18–11.2) | 6.66 (4.83–9.39) | 6.31 (5.22–8.23) | 0.521 |
| C3c (mg/dl) | 101 (86.9–114) | 103 (88.8–116) | 84.0 (67.7–102) | 77.5 (59.8–91.6) | <0.001 |
| C4 (mg/dl) | 14.8 (10.3–19.9) | 16.1 (10.6–17.2) | 13.7 (10.3–17.0) | 10.3 (8.00–14.3) | <0.001 |
| CH50 (U/ml) | 57.9 (48.9–60.0) | 58.1 (44.8–60.0) | 51.1 (36.5–59.7) | 44.5 (27.7–54.4) | <0.001 |
| IgA (mg/dl) | 274 (199–424) | 284 (242–667) | 456 (300–618) | 490 (298–674) | <0.001 |
| IgM (mg/dl) | 118 (68.2–175) | 151 (62.6–196) | 159 (92.3–237) | 145 (87.9–230) | 0.036 |
| IgG (mg/dl) | 1340 (1060–1670) | 1510 (1360–1705) | 1560 (1275–1970) | 1510 (1220–1845) | 0.006 |
| IgG1 (mg/dl) | 882 (684–1100) | 1145 (775–1318) | 1050 (786–1380) | 976 (776–1225) | 0.062 |
| IgG2 (mg/dl) | 302 (220–412) | 282 (172–534) | 341 (262–536) | 354 (247–478) | 0.094 |
| IgG3 (mg/dl) | 47.8 (31.7–72.1) | 51.2 (35.4–67.8) | 56.2 (37.7–86.1) | 59.2 (37.2–88.9) | 0.066 |
| IgG4 (mg/dl) | 44.8 (21.6–94.4) | 65.7 (37.2–118) | 61.5 (26.4–143) | 57.0 (33.1–108) | 0.174 |
| AGP (mg/dl) | 51.3 (40.7–62.3) | 52.3 (39.3–58.5) | 47.0 (32.3–62.0) | 46.9 (34.1–61.1) | 0.349 |
| SAA (mg/L) | 4.16 (4.16–7.01) | 4.16 (4.16–4.63) | 4.16 (4.16–7.27) | 4.16 (4.16–8.79) | 0.818 |
| A2M (mg/dl) | 286 (228–331) | 360 (285–379) | 231 (198–263) | 205 (159–260) | <0.001 |
Statistical analysis: Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to compare continuous variables between groups. Values of p <0.05 are indicated in bold.
A2M, alpha-2-macroglobulin; AGP, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein; ALD, alcohol-related liver disease; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; c/dACLD, compensated/decompensated advanced chronic liver disease; C3c, complement C3 component; CRP, C-reactive protein; HVPG, hepatic venous pressure gradient; LBP, lipopolysaccharide binding protein; M, male; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease; NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; PCT, procalcitonin; SAA, serum amyloid A.