Table 1:
Demographic Characteristics of Xylazine and Control Cohorts
| Demographic Variables | Xylazine (N=90) | Control (N=231) |
|---|---|---|
|
| ||
| Male (%) | 69 (76.7%) | 154 (66.7%) |
| Age; median (IQR) | 41 (32–53) | 38 (30–50) |
| Psychiatric history | ||
| Any | 58 (64.4%) | 138 (59.7%) |
| Anxiety | 19 (21.1%) | 34 (14.7%) |
| Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder | 4 (4.4%) | 10 (4.3%) |
| Bipolar | 9 (10%) | 25 (10.8%) |
| Depression | 17 (18.9%) | 55 (23.9%) |
| Post-traumatic stress disorder | 4 (4.4%) | 12 (5.2%) |
| Schizophrenia | 4 (4.4%) | 10 (4.3%) |
| Geographic Region | ||
| East [removed for blind review] | 63 | 127 |
| Central [removed for blind review] | 26 | 74 |
| West [removed for blind review] | 1 | 30 |
| Naloxone | ||
| Received any Naloxone (%) | 70 (77.8%) | 195 (84.4%) |
| Initial Naloxone Dose mg; median (IQR) | 2 (0.875–4) | 2 (2–4) |
| Total Naloxone Dose mg; median (IQR) | 3.6 (1.3–4.1) | 2.8 (2–4.1) |
| Number of naloxone doses; median (IQR) | 2 (1–3); range 1–5 | 1 (1–2); range 1–9 |
| Repeat Narcan received (%)* | 39 (43.3%) | 96 (41.5%) |
| Initial ED Vital Signs | ||
| SBP; median (IQR) | 132 (114–150) | 130 (118–145) |
| DBP; median (IQR) | 84 (68–98) | 84 (70–95) |
| HR ED; median (IQR) | 95 (81–108) | 98 (84–112) |
| RR ED; median (IQR) | 18 (14–20) | 18 (15–20) |
| Opioid Analytes Detected ** | ||
| Heroin | 23 (25.5%) | 37 (16%) |
| Fentanyl | 89 (98.9%) | 216 (93.5%) |
| Other Fentanyl Analogs | 29 (32.2%) | 32 (13.9%) |
| Novel Synthetic Opioids | 2 (2.2%) | 7 (3.0%) |
Abbreviations: IQR = Interquartile range; [removed for blind review]; DBP = Diastolic blood pressure; SBP = Systolic blood pressure; DBP = Diastolic blood pressure; HR = Heart rate; RR = Respiratory rate.
*
Percentage of entire cohort
**
Samples tested for all potential analytes. Single sample may have multiple analytes and percent totals may exceed 100%.
Control = Xylazine negative.