Table II.

Assessment of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and cardiovascular risk factors at different times of the menopause

Parameter	Women with surgical menopause at age < 40 y	Women with natural menopause at age < 40 y	Women with menopause at age ≥ 40 y	Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT)
Hypertension	↑↑↑ [32, 52]	↑↑ [16, 21, 32]	↑ or ~ [32, 52]	↓ [32]
Coronary heart disease	↑↑ [32, 52]	↑ [32, 52]	↑ [52]	↓ [32]
Heart failure	↑↑ [52]	↑ [21, 52]	~ [32]	↓ [32]
Lipid disorders	↑↑ [52]	↑ [21]	↑ [52]	↓ or ~ [32]
Type 2 diabetes	↑↑ [17]	↑ [17, 52]	↑ or ~ [17, 52]	↓ [17]
Obesity	↑ [52]	↑ [21]	↑ [17]	↓ [17]

↑↑↑ – high risk, ↑↑ – medium risk, ↑ – low risk, ~ – neutral, ↓ – reduced risk.