Table 1.
Anthropometry, physical activity, and biochemical marker characteristics of the study participants.
| Males | Females | p-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Mean | SD | N | Mean | SD | ||
| Age (years) | 10 | 6.04 | 1.44 | 10 | 6.46 | 1.21 | 0.519 |
| Weight (kg) | 10 | 26.3 | 10.1 | 10 | 26.7 | 11.4 | 0.821 |
| Height (cm) | 10 | 115 | 12.1 | 10 | 120 | 12.2 | 0.364 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 10 | 19.0 | 3.79 | 10 | 17.8 | 4.92 | 0.473 |
| BMI Z-score | 10 | 1.33 | 1.56 | 10 | 0.66 | 2.21 | 0.496 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 10 | 66.7 | 12.2 | 10 | 67.1 | 13.1 | 0.880 |
| FFMI | 10 | 12.2 | 1.74 | 10 | 10.9 | 1.65 | 0.112 |
| % Body fat | 10 | 35.0 | 5.55 | 10 | 36.6 | 8.89 | 0.880 |
| Waist/hip ratio | 10 | 0.90 | 0.03 | 10 | 0.90 | 0.06 | 0.790 |
| Waist-to-height ratio | 10 | 0.52 | 0.06 | 10 | 0.50 | 0.09 | 0.450 |
| MVPA (min/day) | 10 | 59.1 | 16.8 | 10 | 31.2 | 15.3 | 0.005 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 10 | 148 | 30.0 | 9 | 159 | 33.6 | 0.414 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 10 | 55.5 | 13.5 | 9 | 46.4 | 8.63 | 0.110 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 10 | 82.7 | 26.7 | 9 | 99.0 | 26.5 | 0.348 |
| Non-HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 10 | 92.1 | 26.6 | 9 | 112 | 28.0 | 0.191 |
| Total cholesterol/HDL | 10 | 2.76 | 0.63 | 9 | 3.44 | 0.59 | 0.034 |
| Triacylglycerides (mg/dL) | 10 | 47.2 | 6.96 | 9 | 67.1 | 27.2 | 0.029 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 10 | 82.1 | 7.82 | 9 | 85.9 | 9.64 | 0.595 |
| Insulin (µIU/mL) | 8 | 5.61 | 3.04 | 8 | 6.45 | 5.27 | 0.916 |
| HOMA-IR | 8 | 1.18 | 0.68 | 8 | 1.36 | 1.05 | 0.834 |
| HbA1c [%] | 10 | 5.32 | 0.39 | 8 | 5.30 | 0.24 | 0.558 |
| hsCRP (mg/dL) | 9 | 0.21 | 0.25 | 8 | 0.25 | 0.29 | 0.664 |
Statistically significant differences were assessed U the Mann–Whitney test and are indicated in bold. BMI body mass index, BMI Z-score, according to Cole et al.32, FFMI Fat-free mass index, MVPA moderate-vigorous physical activity, HDL-Cholesterol high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, hsCRP high sensitivity C-reactive protein.