Table 2.
Anthropometry, physical activity, and biochemical marker characteristics of the study participants according to their physical activity level and sex.
| Total sample | Males | Females | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low MVPA | High MVPA | p-value | Low MVPA | High MVPA | p-value | Low MVPA | High MVPA | p-value | |||||||||||||
| N | Mean | SD | N | Mean | SD | N | Mean | SD | N | Mean | SD | N | Mean | SD | N | Mean | SD | ||||
| Age (years) | 10 | 6.41 | 1.33 | 10 | 6.09 | 1.35 | 0.569 | 5 | 6.62 | 1.41 | 5 | 5.46 | 1.36 | 0.248 | 5 | 6.20 | 1.37 | 5 | 6.72 | 1.12 | 0.598 |
| Weight (kg) | 10 | 26.5 | 10.0 | 10 | 26.5 | 11.4 | 0.940 | 5 | 28.8 | 9.55 | 5 | 23.8 | 11.1 | 0.465 | 5 | 24.2 | 11.1 | 5 | 29.1 | 12.3 | 0.465 |
| Height (cm) | 10 | 118 | 10.5 | 10 | 118 | 14.1 | 0.910 | 5 | 119 | 10.7 | 5 | 111 | 12.9 | 0.295 | 5 | 116 | 11.3 | 5 | 125 | 12.5 | 0.251 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 10 | 18.6 | 4.67 | 10 | 18.2 | 4.18 | 0.910 | 5 | 19.6 | 3.43 | 5 | 18.4 | 4.43 | 0.754 | 5 | 17.6 | 5.90 | 5 | 18.0 | 4.42 | 0.465 |
| BMI Z-score | 10 | 1.04 | 2.11 | 10 | 0.95 | 1.76 | 0.940 | 5 | 1.64 | 1.26 | 5 | 1.02 | 1.92 | 0.754 | 5 | 0.44 | 2.75 | 5 | 0.88 | 1.82 | 0.754 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 10 | 66.9 | 12.4 | 10 | 67.0 | 12.9 | 0.970 | 5 | 69.8 | 11.2 | 5 | 63.7 | 13.6 | 0.295 | 5 | 63.9 | 14.1 | 5 | 70.3 | 12.7 | 0.347 |
| FFMI | 10 | 11.7 | 1.79 | 10 | 11.5 | 1.86 | 0.762 | 5 | 12.7 | 1.31 | 5 | 11.8 | 2.15 | 0.602 | 5 | 10.7 | 1.78 | 5 | 11.1 | 1.70 | 0.754 |
| % Body fat | 10 | 35.4 | 8.60 | 10 | 36.1 | 6.09 | 0.650 | 5 | 34.6 | 5.86 | 5 | 35.3 | 5.89 | 0.754 | 5 | 36.2 | 11.4 | 5 | 36.9 | 6.86 | 0.754 |
| Waist/hip ratio | 10 | 0.91 | 0.05 | 10 | 0.89 | 0.04 | 0.704 | 5 | 0.89 | 0.03 | 5 | 0.91 | 0.03 | 0.461 | 5 | 0.92 | 0.06 | 5 | 0.87 | 0.05 | 0.172 |
| Waist-to-height ratio | 10 | 0.51 | 0.08 | 10 | 0.51 | 0.07 | 0.940 | 5 | 0.52 | 0.04 | 5 | 0.52 | 0.07 | 0.917 | 5 | 0.51 | 0.12 | 5 | 0.49 | 0.07 | 0.917 |
| MVPA daily time (min) | 10 | 31.8 | 15.4 | 10 | 58.6 | 17.7 | 0.004 | 5 | 45.2 | 8.91 | 5 | 73.0 | 8.55 | 0.009 | 5 | 18.4 | 1.22 | 5 | 44.1 | 10.6 | 0.009 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 10 | 140 | 23.5 | 9 | 167 | 34.1 | 0.060 | 5 | 132 | 16.3 | 5 | 163 | 34.4 | 0.117 | 5 | 148 | 28.6 | 4 | 171 | 38.4 | 0.327 |
| HDL-c (mg/dL) | 10 | 50.0 | 12.0 | 9 | 52.6 | 12.7 | 0.623 | 5 | 54.8 | 15.3 | 5 | 56.2 | 13.2 | 0.834 | 5 | 45.2 | 5.89 | 4 | 48.0 | 12.1 | 0.805 |
| LDL-c (mg/dL) | 10 | 78.7 | 24.5 | 9 | 103 | 25.2 | 0.060 | 5 | 68.6 | 24.1 | 5 | 96.7 | 23.1 | 0.175 | 5 | 88.8 | 22.6 | 4 | 111 | 28.7 | 0.142 |
| Non-HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 10 | 90.4 | 26.4 | 9 | 114 | 26.5 | 0.102 | 5 | 77.6 | 24.1 | 5 | 107 | 22.1 | 0.117 | 5 | 103 | 24.2 | 4 | 123 | 31.9 | 0.219 |
| Total cholesterol/HDL | 10 | 2.94 | 0.72 | 9 | 3.24 | 0.65 | 0.775 | 5 | 2.60 | 0.86 | 5 | 2.93 | 0.27 | 0.465 | 5 | 3.28 | 0.37 | 4 | 3.64 | 0.81 | 0.712 |
| Triacylglycerides (mg/dL) | 10 | 58.6 | 22.3 | 9 | 54.4 | 21.4 | 0.488 | 5 | 45.0 | 0.00 | 5 | 49.4 | 9.84 | 0.317 | 5 | 72.2 | 25.7 | 4 | 60.8 | 31.5 | 0.371 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 10 | 81.7 | 7.41 | 9 | 86.3 | 9.79 | 0.253 | 5 | 82.8 | 9.68 | 5 | 81.4 | 6.54 | 1.000 | 5 | 80.6 | 5.18 | 4 | 92.5 | 10.3 | 0.050 |
| Insulin (µIU/mL) | 9 | 6.15 | 4.83 | 7 | 5.87 | 3.53 | 0.791 | 5 | 5.44 | 2.36 | 3 | 5.90 | 4.58 | 0.655 | 4 | 7.05 | 7.28 | 4 | 5.85 | 3.31 | 0.773 |
| HOMA-IR | 9 | 1.25 | 0.97 | 7 | 1.29 | 0.77 | 0.560 | 5 | 1.15 | 0.56 | 3 | 1.23 | 0.99 | 0.655 | 4 | 1.39 | 1.42 | 4 | 1.34 | 0.73 | 0.564 |
| HbA1c [%] | 9 | 5.43 | 0.18 | 9 | 5.19 | 0.40 | 0.226 | 5 | 5.44 | 0.21 | 5 | 5.20 | 0.52 | 0.915 | 4 | 5.42 | 0.17 | 4 | 5.18 | 0.26 | 0.144 |
| hsCRP (mg/dL) | 9 | 0.27 | 0.29 | 8 | 0.18 | 0.24 | 0.664 | 5 | 0.17 | 0.18 | 4 | 0.26 | 0.34 | 0.806 | 4 | 0.39 | 0.38 | 4 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.245 |
Statistically significant differences between children with low and high MVPA level were assessed by U the Mann–Whitney and are indicated in bold. BMI body mass index, BMI Z-score, according to Cole et al.32, FFMI Fat-free mass index, MVPA moderate-vigorous physical activity, HDL-Cholesterol high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, hsCRP high sensitivity C-reactive protein.