TABLE 2.
Meta-analysis results across all studies.
| Region | MNI coordinate | SDM Z score | P-value | No. of voxels | Breakdown (no. of voxels) | Jack-knife sensitivity | Brodmann areas | |
| (1) VBM RESULTS | ||||||||
| Clusters of decreased GMV | R median cingulate/paracingulate gyri | 6, 26, 32 | −3.479 | 0.000077605 | 1387 | 15 out of 15 | 32,24,10,11 | |
| L ACC (399) | ||||||||
| R ACC (67) | ||||||||
| L MCC (100) | ||||||||
| R MCC (35) | ||||||||
| L superior/inferior frontal gyrus, medial orbital | 0, 50, −6 | −1.785 | 0.000077605 | 647 | 12 out of 15 | 32,10,11,9,8,24 | ||
| R S/IFG (59) | ||||||||
| L/R supplementary motor area | 2, 4, 58 | −2.165 | 0.000007033 | 331 | 10 out of 15 | 6,32,24 | ||
| L SMA (199) | ||||||||
| R SMA (125) | ||||||||
| (2) fMRI RESULTS | ||||||||
| IGDs > HCs | Inferior frontal gyrus, opercular part | 42, 8, 24 | 2.727 | ∼0 | 1404 | 26 out of 30 | 48,44,45,6 | |
| R IFG, opercular part (458) | ||||||||
| R IFG, triangular part (277) | ||||||||
| R precentral gyrus (213) | ||||||||
| R MFG (31) | ||||||||
| L inferior frontal gyrus, triangular part | −46, 14, 30 | 2.848 | ∼0 | 1029 | 26 out of 30 | 44,48,6 | ||
| L IFG, opercular part (326) | ||||||||
| L precentral gyrus (247) | ||||||||
| L IFG, triangular part (99) | ||||||||
| L insula (40) | ||||||||
| L precuneus | −4, −60, 46 | 2.174 | 0.000701845 | 274 | 28 out of 30 | 7,5 | ||
| L precuneus (229) | ||||||||
| R precuneus (44) | ||||||||
| L/R ACC | 4, 10, 26 | 1.952 | 0.002771378 | 66 | 25 out of 30 | 24 | ||
| L ACC (49) | ||||||||
| L median network, cingulum (22) | ||||||||
| R ACC (17) | ||||||||
| R supramarginal | 58, −24, 32 | 1.899 | 0.003777742 | 29 | 26 out of 30 | 48,2 | ||
| R inferior temporal gyrus | 54, −44, −16 | 1.919 | 0.003375173 | 13 | 25 out of 30 | 20 | ||
| R fusiform | 32, −76, −14 | 1.985 | 0.002373993 | 11 | 26 out of 30 | 19 | ||
| IGDs < HCs | L calcarine | 0, −82, −8 | −1.216 | 0.001140535 | 478 | 27 out 30 | 17 | |
| L calcarine (64) | ||||||||
| R calcarine (19) | ||||||||
| L/R lingual | −4, −80, −2 | −1.164 | 0.001522422 | 215 | 30 out of 30 | 17,18 | ||
| L middle frontal gyrus | −24, −4, 48 | −1.157 | 0.001599848 | 19 | 26 out of 30 | 6 | ||
L, Left; R, right; MNI, Montreal Neurological Institute; ACC, anterior cingulate cortex; MCC, median cingulate cortex; IFG, inferior frontal gyrus; SFG, superior frontal gyrus; SMA, supplementary motor area; MFG, middle frontal gyrus; FWE-corrected p < 0.05.