Identification of the effects of alsT5, dltB, and mtnW on the exogenous d-alanine dependence of the alr1/alr2 double-knockout B. licheniformis
(A–D) Characterization of the d-alanine dependence on B. licheniformis BLA3ΔalsT5, BLA3-E1ΔalsT5, BLA3ΔdltB, and BLA3ΔmtnW by testing the growth performance in media containing various concentrations of d-alanine. Triplicate experiments were carried out for physiological measurements, and error bars represent standard deviations.