Table 1.
Clinical and biological characteristics of NAFLD and controls.
| Variable | NAFLD | Control | p1 | p2 | p3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male (n=192) |
Female (n=189) |
Total (n=381) |
Male (n=163) |
Female (n=187) |
Total (n=350) |
||||
| Age (year) | 45.00 (33.00-55.00) | 53.00 (48.00-59.00) | 50.00 (37.50-56.00) | 44.00 (34.00-52.00) | 51.00 (45.00-57.00) | 49.00 (38.00-55.00) | 0.768 | 0.054 | 0.245 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.98 (25.16-29.13) | 25.59 (23.64-27.55) | 26.30 (24.36-28.41) | 23.32 (21.85-24.93) | 21.84 (20.32-23.34) | 22.58 (20.97-24.32) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 93.00 (87.00-99.00) | 84.00 (77.00-89.00) | 88.00 (82.00-95.00) | 83.00 (78.00-87.00) | 74.00 (69.00-79.00) | 78.00 (72.00-84.00) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 127.00 (117.00-136.00) | 126.00 (114.50-136.00) | 127.00 (116.00-136.00) | 120.00(111.00-128.00) | 116.00(106.00-125.00) | 118.00(108.00-126.00) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 79.00 (72.00-86.00) | 75.00 (67.00-81.50) | 76.50 (69.25-84.00) | 73.00 (66.00-80.00) | 69.00 (63.75-75.25) | 71.00 (65.00-77.00) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| ALT (U/L) | 33.70 (24.00-53.63) | 24.10 (17.8-32.85) | 28.40 (19.40-41.15) | 23.50 (18.20-31.30) | 17.70 (12.90-22.80) | 20.05 (14.85-26.80) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| AST (U/L) | 26.20 (21.83-31.78) | 22.20 (19.10-27.60) | 24.20 (20.20-29.90) | 22.20 (19.80-27.00) | 21.20 (18.50-25.20) | 21.70 (19.10-25.93) | <0.001 | 0.046 | <0.001 |
| GGT (U/L) | 38.60 (26.28-59.33) | 20.80 (15.85-30.10) | 28.10 (18.80-45.15) | 22.70 (16.80-33.60) | 13.60 (10.70-18.50) | 17.40 (12.20-26.80) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| ALP (U/L) | 75.15 (62.33-87.63) | 73.90 (59.75-90.90) | 74.70 (61.40-88.80) | 72.10 (59.10-84.20) | 64.30 (53.60-81.30) | 67.70 (56.78-83.60) | 0.057 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| ALB (g/L) | 47.45 ± 2.46 | 45.77 ± 2.12 | 46.62 ± 2.45 | 47.24 ± 2.53 | 45.44 ± 2.46 | 46.28 ± 2.65 | 0.440 | 0.164 | 0.075 |
| INS (μIU/mL) | 12.17 (8.51-16.85) | 12.31 (8.84-18.52) | 12.28 (8.61-17.04) | 6.45 (4.66-9.16) | 6.79 (4.91-10.16) | 6.48 (4.85-9.16) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| GLU (mmol/L) | 5.25 (4.85-6.02) | 5.31 (4.95-5.71) | 5.30 (4.91-5.80) | 4.92 (4.59-5.20) | 4.86 (4.63-5.21) | 4.89 (4.60-5.21) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 3.00 (2.13-4.08) | 2.90 (2.15-3.95) | 2.90 (2.15-3.95) | 1.45 (1.00-2.00) | 1.50 (1.00-2.18) | 1.50 (1.00-2.08) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.10 ± 1.09 | 5.24 ± 1.11 | 5.17 ± 1.10 | 4.75 ± 0.83 | 5.17 ± 1.02 | 4.97 ± 0.95 | 0.001 | 0.553 | 0.012 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 2.19 (1.47-3.41) | 1.70 (1.35-2.60) | 1.94 (1.40-2.94) | 1.25 (0.88-1.78) | 1.09 (0.80-1.44) | 1.15 (0.82-1.60) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.07 ± 0.22 | 1.28 ± 0.30 | 1.17 ± 0.29 | 1.35 ± 0.30 | 1.65 ± 0.35 | 1.51 ± 0.36 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 3.09 ± 1.01 | 3.30 ± 0.95 | 3.20 ± 0.98 | 2.98 ± 0.80 | 3.06 ± 0.91 | 3.02 ± 0.86 | 0.252 | 0.013 | 0.012 |
| 25(OH)D3 (ng/mL) | 16.92 (13.48-24.71) | 16.64 (12.45-20.80) | 16.78 (12.90-22.63) | 19.44 (15.20-25.63) | 16.90 (12.30-22.38) | 17.72 (13.81-23.35) | 0.073 | 0.485 | 0.111 |
NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; BMI, body mass index; WC, Waist circumference; SBP, Systolic blood pressure; DBP, Diastolic blood pressure; ALT, Alanine Transaminase; AST, Aspartate Aminotransferase; GGT, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALB, Albumin; INS, Insulin; GLU, glucose; HOMA-IR, Homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL, High-density lipoprotein; LDL, Low-density lipoprotein.
1NAFLD male vs. Control male. 2NAFLD female vs. Control female. 3NAFLD vs. Control.