Table 1.

The strategies in targeted delivery of nanomedicines to inhibit cell death and resist oxidative stress after ICH.

Action	Nanomedicine and intervention strategy	Traits	Achievements	References
Inhibit cell death	Deferoxamine-HCC-PEG		Prevents heme and iron-mediated toxicity; reduces neuronal aging and ferroptosis	Dharmalingam et al. 43
	Minocycline-loaded keratose hydrogel	Good biocompatibility, porous property; promising for bone regeneration and nerve repair	Reduces ICH postoperative iron accumulation, edema; improves functional recovery and survival rate in rats	Luo et al. 14
	Resveratrol-NPs	Have good biocompatibility; can cross physiological barriers; improve drug accumulation within the plasma and brain	Attenuate the progression of ICH-induced brain injury by inhibiting ferroptosis	Mo et al. 54
	Polybutylcyanocr-ylate NPs		Protect neurons against apoptosis	Chung et al. 58
	Exosomes		Attenuate ferroptosis and neurologic injury; reduce neuronal apoptosis and inflammation	Yi and Tang, 62 Duan et al. 63
Resist oxidative stress	Curcumin-nanoemulsions	Low toxicity; control the release of selenium; ensure favorable effects and reduce potential toxicity	Increase total antioxidant capacity; modulate antioxidant responses; reduce the size of the hematoma; recover locomotor activity	Marques et al. 75
	Quercetin-nanoemulsions			Galho et al. 76
	Selenium-SiO2		Protects cells from ROS toxicity; alleviates brain edema; reduces BBB damage	Yang et al. 80
	PEG-CeNPs		Reduces ROS level; improves the anatomical integrity of myelinated fibers; ameliorates white matter injury	Zheng et al. 83
	RNPs	Extremely stable in vivo conditions; possess long blood circulation lifetimes	Minimize oxidative damage; decrease brain edema; decrease neurologic deficit	Krishna et al. 90

BBB: blood-brain barrier; HCC: hydrophilic carbon cluster; NPs: nanoparticles; PEG: poly (ethylene glycol); RNPs: Redox polymer self-assembled nanoparticles; ROS: reactive oxygen species;.