Table 1.

Studies Reporting Delusion of Pregnancy.

Name of study, country; year	Type of Study	Associated Disorder	Intervention	Outcome
Grover and Dua 1 ; India	Case Report	• Severe depression with psychotic symptoms • Delusional disorder	• Antidepressant • Antipsychotic • electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)	The delusional belief continues to remain as such
Khasnobis et al 2 ; India	Case Report	Delusional disorder	• Antipsychotic • BZD	The delusional belief continued with decreased conviction
Gaikwad et al 3 ; India	Case report	Delusional disorder (Male patient)	Antipsychotic	Patient improved within 3 weeks of treatment with Trifluoperazine
Gupta et al 4 ; India	Case report	Paranoid Schizophrenia	Antipsychotics	60-65% Improvement
Goyal et al 5 ; India	Case report	• Paranoid Schizophrenia • Diabetes Mellitus • Cholelithiasis	• Antipsychotics • Psychoeducation	Patient improved
Ahuja et al 6 ; UK	Case report	BPD	• Valproate semi-sodium • Olanzapine	Patient improved after 2-4 weeks of admission and symptoms resolved completely. Valproate semi-sodium was continued, olanzapine dose was reduced
Tsai and Shen 7 ; Taiwan	Case report	• Psychotic mania	• Mood stabilizer • Antipsychotic	Delusion of pregnancy resolved on 16th day of hospitalization
Suresh Kumar et al 8 ; India	Case report	• Delusional disorder	• Antipsychotic • Benzodiazepines	Delusion completely resolved after 3 weeks of treatment
Onda et al 9 ; Japan	Case report	• Schizophrenia • Hyperprolactinemia	• Antipsychotics (Clozapine, Aripiprazole)	Improved after 6 months of hospitalization
Rush Ortegon et al 10 ; USA	Case report	Brief psychotic disorder	Antipsychotics (Chlorpromazine)	Delusions resolved after 2 months of treatment
Mascarenhas and Crasta 11 ; India	Case report	Paranoid Schizophrenia	Antipsychotics (Olanzapine)	Patient improved after starting treatment (Duration not specified)
Pang et al 12 ; Singapore	Case report	• Schizoaffective disorder • PCOS	Antipsychotics	Patient recovered completely in a few days after up titration of Olanzapine from 15 to 20 mg
Leal and Beito 13 ; USA	Case report	Hypothyroidism	• Levothyroxine • Olanzapine	Symptoms improved 1 month after admission and treatment
Penta and Lasalvia 14 ; Italy	Case report	• Paranoid schizophrenia • Hashimoto-related hyperprolactinemia	• L-thyroxine • Antipsychotics (aripiprazole) • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy( CBT)	Reduction in persecutory themes and remission of auditory hallucinations after 3 weeks of antipsychotic treatment. Delusion of pregnancy became less intense after 4 weeks.
AlZamil et al 15 ; Saudi Arabia	Case report	• Schizophrenia • Tuberous sclerosis	First and second generation Antipsychotics	Complete resolution after 18 days of inpatient treatment
Larner 16 ; UK	Case report	Frontotemporal dementia with Motorneuron disease (FTD/MND)	-	Patient died 18 months after diagnosis of FTD/MND
Lopes et al 17 ; Brazil	Case report	• Delusional disorder • Hypothyroidism • Anorexia Nervosa • Esophageal achalasia	• Levothyroxine • Hellere’s myotomy • Antipsychotics	Patients delusional disorder persists even after usage of antipsychotic
Sidana and Jain 18 ; India	Case report	Paranoid schizophrenia	Risperidone	Complete resolution of symptoms after 3 weeks of treatment
Vasudev and Sharma 19 ; Canada	Case series	Major depressive disroder with psychosis (1 year)	Olanzapine	Resolution of psychotic symptoms after 3 weeks of treatment, residual depression after 7 weeks of starting treatment
Kornischka and Schneider 20 ; Germany	Case report	• Schizophrenic psychosis • Capgras syndrome	Antipsychotics (Haloperidol/flupenthixol decanoate/ fluphenazine decanoate,g clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, amisulpride, and quetiapine)	No resolution of symptoms for 25 years with over 4
Bhattacharya 21 ; India	Case report	Delusional disorder	• Risperidone • Electroconvulsive therapy • Flupenthixol • Pimozide	Improvement and complete resolution after 2 months only with Pimozide
Manoj et al 22 ; India	Case report	Delusional disroder (with history of sexual abuse)	• 6 ECTs • Symptomatic treatment	Patient gradually improved over time
Chatterjee et al 23 ; India	Case report	• subclinical hypothyroidism	• Risperidone • Iron and folic acid tablet • Levothyroxine ( Eltroxin)	Psychotic symptoms gradually decreased, and conviction of pregnancy became less after 2 weeks. By fourth week she agreed she may be wrong about the pregnancy, and she became almost free from symptoms after 45 days
Simon et al 24 ; Hungary	Case report	• schizoaffective psychosis	• mood stabilizer( lithium carbonate) • antipsychotics( haloperidol switched to olanzipine)	Psychotic symptoms gradually vanished and by fourth week she presumed fetus had been absorbed. Discontinued on medication after asymptomatic year but readmitted to psychiatric clinic with schizoaffective psychosis(without delusion of pregnancy)
Guilfoyle et al 25 ; Ireland	Case series	Case 1: Mixed Alzheimer’s disease/Vascular Dementia, dehydration, pneumonia, reduced mobility	Case 1:Prior medication (Escitalopram). On admission:fluids, antibiotics and laxatives	Case 1: The patient’s delusion was intermittent for 12 h and then disappeared
		Case 2: Delusion persisted for 3 days and delirium for 7 days. Unable to recall delusion afterward	Case 2: Prior medication (Oxycodone). On admission: Haloperidol, stool softeners and enemas	Case 2: Depression, delirium secondary to dehydration, acute renal impairment, constipation
		Case 3: Delusion of pregnancy persisted for 4 days and resolved about the same time as constipation.	Case 3: Prior medication (Trazodone, Tramadol). On admission: laxatives and enema	Case 3: Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, fecal incontinence
		Case 4: Delusion lasted several hours only	Case 4: Prior medication (Alprazolam, Escitalopram). On admission: stool softeners and enemas	Case 4: Vascular Dementia, Chronic depression, delirium, dehydration, acute renal impairment
			Case 5: osmotic and stimulant laxatives	Case 5: Delusion persisted for 4 days despite resolution of constipation, continued cognition improvement and gentle correction by staff. Delusion ceased spontaneously on day 10 of acute illness