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. 2023 Apr 4;11:60. doi: 10.1186/s40478-023-01547-4

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 8 — Microglia phagocytose WNV-infected neurons. a, b Expression of NS1 (green), NeuN (red), CD11b (cyan) and DAPI (blue) in two fields of view in brains sections from WNV-infected mice at dpi 7. Arrowheads show CD11b⁺ ramified processes (microglia) around WNV-infected neurons. c–e Confocal imaging of thick tissue sections stained with DAPI (blue), Iba1 (cyan), NeuN (red) and NS1 (green). c Image series through the z direction centred at the nucleus of the microglia (arrowhead) displaying processes wrapping around the soma. d–e Colocalisation of foci (arrowhead) of NeuN and NS1 inside a microglia, indicating microglia phagocytosis of an infected neuron. Scale bar represents 10 μm (d, e) or 20 μm (a–c)