Table 5.

Risk factors for sepsis after duodenal trauma

Variable	Univariable analysis		Multivariable analysis
	OR (95% C.I.)	p-value	OR (95% C.I.)	p-value
Age, median (IQR)	0 .988 (0.967–1.001)	0.280	–	0.466
Penetrating injury mechanism	2.445 (1.101–5.438)	0.028	–	0.141
Hypotension at arrival	3.616 (1.866–7.007)	< 0.001	2.218 (1.003–4.905)	0.049
Massive transfusion	2.949 (1.606–5.413)	< 0.001	2.553 (1.246–5.231)	0.010
ISS (every 10 points)	1.802 (1.322–2.456)	< 0.001	1.651 (1.144–2.384)	0.007
Abdominal AIS	1.505 (1.122–2.017)	0.002	–	0.799
Duodenal AAST grade	1.196 (0.806–1.776)	0.375	–	–
Duodenal AAST grade 3	1.767 (0.994–3.238)	0.065	–	0.988
Associated intraabdominal injuries
Stomach	1.664 (0.898–3.085)	0.106	–	0.582
Pancreas	3.568 (1.999–6.368)	< 0.001	–	0.206
Kidney	2.324 (1.242–4.346)	0.008	–	0.277
Leak of the duodenal repair	7.083 (3.341–15.012)	< 0.001	7.083 (3.341–15.012)	< 0.001
Complex repair of the duodenum*	4.367 (2.357–8.055)	< 0.001	2.937 (1.425–6.051)	0.003

Area under ROC curve = 0.819 (0.758–0.879)

Goodness of fit p = 0.546

IQR Interquartile range, ISS Injury Severity Score, AAST The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma

*Duodenal suture + duodenostomy or pyloric exclusion or diverticulizaction or other complex repairs