Tubastatin A promotes ferroptosis, rather than apoptosis or necrosis. (a, b) Cell viability measurements in MDA-MB-231 (a) or MCF-7 (b) cells subjected to the indicated treatments for 32 h or 36 h. Error bars are mean ± s.d., n = 3 independent repeats. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-way ANOVA analysis. (c–d) Cell death and lipid peroxidation measurement in the indicated cells treated with the indicated compounds for 20 h (c) or 28 h (d). MDA-MB-231, Tub, 8 μM; Z-V, 10 μM Z-VAD-FMK; and Nec, 2 μM necrostatin-1s. MCF-7, Tub, 10 μM; Z-V, 10 μM; and Nec, 2 μM. (e–h) Cell-death and lipid-peroxidation measurements in MDA-MB-231 or MCF-7 subjected to the indicated treatments for 20 h or 28 h. MDA-MB-231; Tub, 4 μM; Erastin, 2.5 μM; RSL3, 2.5 μM; Z-V, 10 μM Z-VAD-FMK; and Nec, 2 μM necrostatin-1s. MCF-7; Tub, 5 μM; Erastin, 5 μM; RSL3, 2.5 μM; Z-V, 10 μM Z-VAD-FMK; and Nec, 2 μM necrostatin-1s. c-h, Data are the mean ± s.d.; n = 3 biologically independent experiments. Statistical analysis was performed using an unpaired two-tailed Student's t-test.