Table 2.

Maintenance immunosuppressants main adverse effects

Drug class	Adverse effects
CNI	Nephrotoxicity[283], recurrence of HCC[188,284], risk of de novo neoplasia[285-287], new onset diabetes mellitus (TAC more than CyA)[288,289], hypertension (CyA more than TAC)[290], dyslipidemia[291] (CyA more than TAC)[292], neurotoxicty[293], weight gain[294,295]
Antimetabolites	Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, gastrointestinal disturbances (MMF and AZA) diarrhea, CMV reactivation (MMF)[296], pancreatitis, hepatotoxicity, risk of de novo neoplasia (AZA)[296,297]
mTORi	Leukopenia, dyslipidemia[298,299], cutaneous and mucosal alterations[300], wound complications, lymphocele[301], hypertension[302]

CNI: Calcineurin inhibitors; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; TAC: Tacrolimus; CyA: Cyclosporine; MMF: Mycophenolate mofetil; AZA: Azathioprine; mTORi: Mammalian target of Rapamicin inhibitors.