Comparison 3. Opioids versus other analgesics.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
3.1 PIPP/PIPP‐R during procedure	2	124	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.29 [‐1.58, 1.01]
3.2 PIPP/PIPP‐R up to 30 min after procedure	1	12	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.10 [‐2.82, 0.62]
3.3 PIPP/PIPP‐R 1 to 2 hours after procedure	1	12	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.17 [‐2.22, 1.88]
3.4 Episodes of apnea	2		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
3.4.1 During the procedure	2	124	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	3.27 [0.85, 12.58]
3.4.2 After the procedure	2	124	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.71 [0.11, 64.96]
3.5 Hypotension	3	204	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.34 [0.32, 5.59]