1. Table 1 ‐ Overview of included studies.
Study ID | Country | Sample Size | GA (weeks) | Intervention | Comparison |
Comparison 1 ‐ Different doses of the same opioid | |||||
None | |||||
Comparison 2 ‐ Different routes of administration of the same opioid | |||||
None | |||||
Comparison 3 ‐ Continuous infusion versus bolus administration | |||||
Bouwmeester 2001 | The Netherlands | 68 | Not described | Continuous morphine | Intermittent morphine |
Bouwmeester 2003a | The Netherlands | 63 | 381 | Continuous morphine | Intermittent morphine |
Bouwmeester 2003b | The Netherlands | 68 | 36.1 to 42.1 | Continuous morphine | Intermittent morphine |
Lynn 2000 | United States of America | 83 | Not described | Continuous morphine | Intermittent morphine |
Van Dijk 2002 | The Netherlands | 181 | Not described | Continuous morphine | Intermittent morphine |
Vaughn 1996 | United States of America | 16 and 202 | 39.8 to 42.43 | Continuous fentanyl | Intermittent fentanyl |
Comparison 4 ‐ 'As needed' administration versus 'as scheduled' administration | |||||
Czarnecki 2020 | United States of America | 25 | 36.9 to 39.5 | Parent/nurse‐controlled analgesia (morphine) | Continuous infusion (morphine) |
GA stands for "Gestational Age"; ID stands for "Identification".
- We extracted the GA for the said 'Group 1' showed in the study, which included newborn infants.
- The study had two clearly separate phases: In phase 1, 16 newborn infants were enrolled following randomization; in phase 2, 20 newborn infants were enrolled, without randomization, and therefore their outcome data were not included in this review.
- Inserted data reported the range of GA for the study for both groups, in both study's phases.