Table 1.
Characteristics of pregnant women in Project Viva included in this study (N = 1311)
| N (%) or mean (SD) | |
|---|---|
| Age (year), mean (SD) | 32.3 (4.6) |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | |
| White | 962 (73) |
| Black | 165 (13) |
| Hispanic | 87 (7) |
| Other | 97 (7) |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 24.9 (5.4) |
| GDM in a prior pregnancy, n (%) | |
| No | 640 (49) |
| Yes | 23 (2) |
| Nulliparous | 648 (49) |
| DM in participant’s mother, n (%) | |
| No | 1070 (92) |
| Yes | 89 (8) |
| Missing/don’t knowa | 152 |
| Smoking habit, n (%) | |
| Never | 899 (68) |
| Before pregnancy | 258 (20) |
| During pregnancy | 154 (12) |
| Household income > $70,000/year, n (%) | 797 (61) |
| College graduate and above, n (%) | 912 (70) |
| Fish consumptionb (servings/week), mean (SD) | 1.6 (1.4) |
Note:
a
The category “Missing/don’t know” was not included in the total population when calculating the percentages of “Yes” and “No”
b
During past 3 months of women’s initial pregnancy visit (median: 12 weeks gestation) estimated from self-administered Food Frequency Questionnaire
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; DM, diabetes mellitus; SD, standard deviation.