Fig. 5.

Bioinformatics analysis illustrated that dihydrocaffeic acid (DHCA) might regulate nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway. a) DHCA targets were frequently enriched in the MAPK pathway. b) 28 genes were enriched in the MAPK pathway. c) According to transcription factors (TF) analysis, RELA (P65) and NFKB1 were identified as key TFs. d) PPI analysis of DHCA targets illustrated that the MAPK pathway and collagen catabolic process were involved. AGE-RAGE, advanced glycosylation end products-receptor for advanced glycosylation end products; HIF-1, hypoxia-inducible factor 1; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.