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. 2023 Apr 5;14:1880. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-37601-x

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a Left: Schematic illustration of the location of virus injection and optic fibers implantation in A_2AR-Cre mice. Right: A representative fluorescent image showing the ChR2-positive neurons (green) and the localization of the optic fibers. Nuclei are stained with DAPI in blue. Scale bar: 500/100 μm. (b-e) Optogenetic activation of LS-A_2AR⁺ neurons increased the immobility time in the tail suspension test (TST) (n = 9 mice/group, Unpaired t test, p = 0.0017, t(16) = 3.7710) b without affecting the total distance traveled (n = 9 mice/group, Unpaired t test, p = 0.3980, t(16) = 0.8684) c or the time in the central area in the open field test (OFT) (n = 9 mice/group, Unpaired t test, p = 0.9980, t(16) = 0.002512) d and in the elevated O-maze test (n = 9 mice/group, Unpaired t test, p = 0.6868, t(16) = 0.4106) (e). f Left: Schematic illustration of the location of virus injection and optic fibers implantation in A_2AR-Cre mice. Right: A representative fluorescent image shows the eNpHR3.0 positive neurons (green) and the localization of the optic fibers. Nuclei are stained with DAPI in blue. Scale bars: 500/100 μm. Optogenetic suppression of the activity of LS A_2AR⁺ neurons decrease the immobility time in the TST (n = 7 mice/group, Unpaired t test, p = 0.0159, t(12) = 2.804) (g), without affecting the total movement distance in the OFT (n = 7 mice/group, Unpaired t test, p = 0.5465, t(12) = 0.6205) (h), the time spending in the central area in the OFT(n = 7 mice/group, Unpaired t test, p = 0.8404, t(12) = 0.2058) (i), and the duration in the open arm of the elevated O-maze (j) (n = 7 mice/group, Unpaired t test, p = 0.4188, t(12) = 0.8373). Data were shown as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01; n.s., no significant difference. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.