Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants and risk factors by case-control status.1
| Characteristic | Cases (n = 433) | Controls (n = 433) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR)2 | 42 (27, 54) | 42 (27, 54) |
| Female sex, n (%)2 | 264 (61%) | 264 (61%) |
| Intervention arm, n (%)2 | 238 (55%) | 238 (55%) |
| Ward type, n (%)2 | ||
| Rural | 68 (16%) | 68 (16%) |
| Peri-urban | 327 (76%) | 327 (76%) |
| Urban | 38 (9%) | 38 (9%) |
| Location of visit, n (%) | ||
| Eye Hospital | 30 (7%) | 17 (4%) |
| Primary Eye Care Center | 50 (12%) | 24 (6%) |
| Mobile | 326 (75%) | 478 (87%) |
| Missing | 27 (6%) | 14 (3%) |
| Education, n (%) | ||
| None | 205 (47%) | 180 (42%) |
| Any | 200 (46%) | 239 (55%) |
| Missing | 28 (7%) | 14 (3%) |
| Occupation,3 n (%) | ||
| Manual labor | 198 (46%) | 158 (37%) |
| Non-manual labor | 209 (48%) | 261 (60%) |
| Missing | 26 (6%) | 14 (3%) |
| Salary (NPR), median (IQR) | 200 (0, 325) | 200 (0, 300) |
| Wore spectacles or contacts, n (%) | 96 (22%) | 100 (23%) |
| Wore protective goggles while working, n (%) | 18 (4%) | 6 (1%) |
| Ocular injury, n (%) | 126 (29%) | 25 (6%) |
| Care-seeking preference for ocular trauma,3 n (%) | ||
| Eye care provider | 289 (33%) | 266 (31%) |
| Other health care provider | 41 (5%) | 49 (6%) |
| Medical shop | 77 (9%) | 105 (12%) |
| Missing | 26 (3%) | 13 (2%) |
IQR, inter-quartile range
1
Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding.
2
Matching variables included age (± 2 years), sex, and ward of residence.
3
Manual labor includes agricultural work and other labor; non-manual labor includes office and other professional work, domestic work, and those identifying as students or unemployed/retired
4
Eye care provider includes eye hospitals, primary eye care centers, and private eye clinics; other health care provider includes Female Community Health Volunteers and health posts, traditional healers, and private clinics