Table 4.

Associations between parental and adolescent externalizing polygenic scores for parental externalizing and parenting measures in the European and African ancestry samples

	Parental PGS alone		Parental and Adolescent PGS combined model
			Parental PGS		Adolescent PGS
EA sample	β	[95% CI]	β	[95% CI]	β	[95% CI]
Parental Externalizing	.35	[.25,.44]	.26	[.15, .37]	.15	[.07, .24]
Parental Involvement	−.03	[−.10, .04]	.00	[−.09, .10]	−.06	[−.16, .05]
Parent-child Communication	−.06	[−.14, .03]	−.01	[−.11, .09]	−.09	[−.17, −.01]
Parent-child Closeness	−.09	[−.17, .00]	−.03	[−.13, .08]	−.10	[−.21, −.00]
Parental Knowledge	−.07	[−.14, .00]	−.00	[−.09, .09]	−.12	[−.22, −.02]
	Parental PGS alone		Parental and Adolescent PGS combined model
			Parental PGS		Adolescent PGS
AA sample	β	[95% CI]	β	[95% CI]	β	[95% CI]
Parental Externalizing	.10	[−.13, 0.32]	.09	[−.13, .31]	.02	[−.10, .13]
Parental Involvement	−.07	[−.16, .03]	−.06	[−.18, .05]	−.01	[−.11, .10]
Parent-child Communication	−.01	[−.13, .10]	.01	[−.11, .14]	−.05	[−.17, .06]
Parent-child Closeness	−.12	[−.22, −.01]	−.13	[−.25, −.01]	.03	[−.07, .13]
Parental Knowledge	−.03	[−.14, .07]	−.05	[−.17, .07]	.04	[−.07, .16]

Note. PGS = Externalizing polygenic score. PGS residualized on first 10 genetic ancestry principal components. EA = participants of European ancestry. AA = participants of African ancestry. Standardized coefficients along with 95% confidence interval (CI) are shown. Parental and adolescent PGS combined models indicate that both adolescent and parental PGS were included in the same models. All models controlled for adolescent sex and adolescent age. Parental externalizing and each parenting measure were tested in separate models.

Bold indicates p ≤ .05