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. 2023 Mar 23;10:1154409. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1154409

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Copyright © 2023 Chang, Sun, Wu, Huang, Liu, Chang, Lin, Kang and Hung.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Forest plot showing the difference in prognostic nutritional index (PNI) between patients with and those without contrast induced nephropathy (CIN). CI, confidence interval; SD, standard deviation.